Перевод: со всех языков на все языки

со всех языков на все языки

outside influences

Толкование Перевод

1 outside influences

out·side ˈin·flu·ences

n pl äußere Einflüsse pl

English-german dictionary > outside influences
2 outside influences

out·side 'in·flu·ences npl

äußere Einflüsse mpl

English-German students dictionary > outside influences
3 ♦ outside

♦ outside /aʊtˈsaɪd/
A n.

1 [u] (il) di fuori; (l') esterno: the outside of a building, l'esterno d'un edificio; to open a door from the outside, aprire una porta dal di fuori

2 [u] apparenza; aspetto (esteriore)

3 (trasp.) cassetta ( di diligenza), passeggero che viaggia a cassetta

4 (pl.) fogli esterni ( d'una risma di carta)

5 ( sport: calcio, ecc.) esterno; ala; ( basket) esterno; ( football americano) esterno; ( rugby) qualsiasi giocatore ( eccettuati gli attaccanti)

B a. attr.

1 esterno; fatto (o posto, situato) all'esterno; proveniente dall'esterno; esteriore; di fuori; all'aperto: outside edge, bordo esterno; outside lighting, illuminazione esterna ( di una casa); outside tap, rubinetto all'esterno; ( sport) outside defender, difensore esterno; (mecc.) outside diameter, diametro esterno; outside work, lavoro fatto all'esterno, all'aperto ( fuori d'un edificio); outside repairs, riparazioni esterne ( in un edificio); outside help, aiuto che viene dall'esterno; aiuto di estranei ( a un'organizzazione); outside activities, attività all'aperto

2 estraneo: outside influences, influssi estranei

3 estremo; (il) maggiore (o più alto) possibile: to quote the outside prices, fissare i più alti prezzi possibili

4 a parte; collaterale: to have outside interests, avere interessi collaterali

5 minimo; piccolissimo; remoto: an outside chance, una remota probabilità

6 di massima: an outside estimate, un preventivo di massima

C avv.

fuori; di fuori; all'esterno; all'aperto: Come outside!, vieni fuori!; There's nobody outside, di fuori non c'è nessuno; The box was red outside and black inside, la scatola era rossa di fuori e nera di dentro

D prep.

1 fuori; fuori di; all'esterno di: They live just outside Rome, abitano appena fuori Roma; He was standing outside the door, stava in piedi fuori della (o davanti alla) porta; We waited outside the room, abbiamo aspettato fuori dalla stanza

2 (fam.) all'infuori di; eccetto; tranne: Nobody knows outside the members of my family, non lo sa nessuno, all'infuori dei miei familiari

3 (fam.) al di là di; oltre

4 ( sport) sotto, al disotto di: She was two seconds outside the world record, ha mancato (o non ha battuto) il record mondiale per due secondi

● ( pallavolo) outside attacker, attaccante ala □ ( radio, TV) outside broadcast, trasmissione in esterno □ (fin.) outside broker [dealer], intermediario [operatore] esterno ( alla Borsa Valori) □ (mecc.) outside caliper, compasso di spessore (o per esterni) □ (org. az.) outside director, amministratore esterno ( di una società) □ outside in = inside out ► inside (1) □ outside lane, (autom.) corsia di sorpasso; ( sport) corsia esterna ( della pista) □ ( sport) outside left, ala sinistra; esterno sinistro □ outside of, ( USA) = D ► sopra □ the outside of a bus, l'imperiale d'un autobus □ ( sport) outside right, esterno destro; ala destra □ at the ( very) outside, al massimo; tutt'al più: There were a hundred people at the ( very) outside, c'erano cento persone al massimo □ from outside the country, dal di fuori; dall'estero □ (fam. ingl.) to get outside of st., mangiare, bere qc.; fare fuori qc. □ (autom.) on the outside, sulla corsia di sorpasso □ (stor.) to travel outside, viaggiare a cassetta.

English-Italian dictionary > ♦ outside
4 outside

1. noun
1) Außenseite, die

on the outside — außen

to/from the outside — nach/von außen

overtake somebody on the outside — jemanden außen überholen

2) (external appearance) Äußere, das; äußere Erscheinung

3)

at the [very] outside — (coll.) äußerstenfalls; höchstens
2. adjective
1) (of, on, nearer the outside) äußer...; Außen[wand, -mauer, -antenne, -toilette, -ansicht]

outside lane — Überholspur, die

2) (remote)

have only an outside chance — nur eine sehr geringe Chance haben

3) fremd [Hilfe]; äußer... [Einfluss]; Freizeit[aktivitäten, -interessen]

4) (greatest possible) maximal, höchst [Schätzung]

at an outside estimate — maximal od. höchstens od. im Höchstfall
3. adverb
1) (on the outside) draußen; (to the outside) nach draußen

the world outside — die Außenwelt

2)

outside of — see 4.
4. preposition
1) (on outer side of) außerhalb (+ Gen.)

2) (beyond) außerhalb (+ Gen.) [Reichweite, Festival, Familie]

it's outside the terms of the agreement — es gehört nicht zu den Bedingungen der Abmachung

3) (to the outside of) aus... hinaus

go outside the house — nach draußen gehen

* * *
1. noun
(the outer surface: The outside of the house was painted white.) das Äußere
2. adjective
1) (of, on, or near the outer part of anything: the outside door.) Außen-...

2) (not part of (a group, one's work etc): We shall need outside help; She has a lot of outside interests.) außerhalb

3) ((of a chance etc) very small.) äußerst
3. adverb
1) (out of, not in a building etc: He went outside; He stayed outside.) draußen

2) (on the outside: The house looked beautiful outside.) außen
4. preposition
(on the outer part or side of; not inside or within: He stood outside the house; He did that outside working hours.) außen

- academic.ru/52507/outsider">outsider
- at the outside
- outside in
* * *

out·ˈside

I. n

1. (exterior) Außenseite f; of a fruit Schale f

she was on the \outside of the clique girls ( fig) in der Clique war sie eine Außenseiterin

▪ from the \outside von außen

2. (external appearance)

▪ on the \outside äußerlich, nach außen hin

▪ by the \outside vom Äußeren her

you can never tell what he's thinking by the \outside man sieht ihm nie an, was er gerade denkt

3. (of pavement) Straßenseite f, Seite f zur Straße hin

4. (not within boundary)

▪ on the \outside draußen; (out of prison) in Freiheit

5. SPORT Außenstürmer m

6.

▶ at the \outside ( fig) im äußersten Fall

II. adj attr, inv

1. (outer) door, entrance äußere(r, s)

\outside seat Sitz m zum Gang hin

\outside wall Außenmauer f

2. (external) außen stehend, extern

the company badly needs \outside support die Firma benötigt dringend Unterstützung von außen

\outside financing externe Finanzierung, Kapitalbeschaffung f von außen

\outside placement COMM Fremdplatzierung f

the world \outside [or \outside world] die Welt draußen

3. (very slight) chance, possibility [sehr] klein, minimal

4. (highest, largest) höchste(r, s) attr, äußerste(r, s) attr

\outside price Höchstpreis m

III. adv

1. (not in building) außen, außerhalb

2. (in open air) im Freien, draußen

to go \outside nach draußen gehen

3. (sl: not imprisoned) draußen fam

IV. prep

1. (out of)

she sat on the floor \outside his room sie saß auf dem Fußboden vor seinem Zimmer

they went \outside the house sie gingen vors Haus

\outside of London außerhalb von London

2. (beyond) außerhalb

that would be \outside my job description das fiele nicht in meine Zuständigkeit

this is \outside human comprehension das übersteigt den menschlichen Verstand

3. (apart from) ausgenommen

\outside of us three außer uns dreien

* * *
['aʊt'saɪd]
1. n

1) (of house, car, object) Außenseite f

the outside of the car is green — das Auto ist (von) außen grün

the outside of the post (Ftbl) — der Außenpfosten

to open the door from the outside —

they were smuggled in from the outside — sie wurden von draußen eingeschmuggelt

to stay on the outside of a group — sich in einer Gruppe im Hintergrund halten

people on the outside (of society) — Menschen außerhalb der Gesellschaft

to overtake on the outside (Brit) — außen überholen

judging from the outside (fig) — wenn man es als Außenstehender beurteilt

2)

(= extreme limit) at the (very) outside — im äußersten Falle, äußerstenfalls

2. adj

1) (= external) Außen-, äußere(r, s); consultant, investor, examiner, opinion extern

an outside broadcast — eine nicht im Studio produzierte Sendung

an outside broadcast from Wimbledon — eine Sendung aus Wimbledon

outside call (Telec) — externer Anruf

to get some outside help — Hilfe von außen holen

outside influences — äußere Einflüsse, Einflüsse von außen

outside seat (in a row) — Außensitz m, Platz m am Gang

outside work —

I'm doing outside work on the dictionary — ich arbeite freiberuflich am Wörterbuch mit

2) price äußerste(r, s)

at an outside estimate — maximal

3)

(= very unlikely) an outside chance — eine kleine Chance

3. adv
(= on the outer side) außen; (of house, room, vehicle) draußen
to be outside — draußen sein

to go outside — nach draußen gehen

seen from outside — von außen gesehen

put the cat outside — bring die Katze raus (inf)

I feel outside it all — ich komme mir so ausgeschlossen vor

4. prep (also outside of)

1) (= on the outer side of) außerhalb (+gen)

outside California — außerhalb Kaliforniens

outside London — außerhalb von London

visitors from outside the area — Besucher pl von außerhalb

to be outside sth — außerhalb einer Sache sein

to go outside sth — aus etw gehen

he went outside the house — er ging aus dem/vors/hinters Haus, er ging nach draußen

the noise was coming from outside the house — der Lärm kam von draußen

he is waiting outside the door — er wartet vor der Tür

the car outside the house — das Auto vorm Haus

2) (= beyond limits of) außerhalb (+gen)

it is outside our agreement —

outside the Festival — außerhalb der Festspiele

this falls outside the scope of... — das geht über den Rahmen (+gen)... hinaus

to marry outside one's religion — eine konfessionsverschiedene Ehe eingehen

babies born outside marriage — außerehelich geborene Kinder pl

sex outside marriage — Sex m außerhalb der Ehe

you'll have to do it outside office hours — Sie müssen das nach Büroschluss erledigen

3) (= apart from) außer (+dat), abgesehen von (+dat)

* * *

outside [ˌaʊtˈsaıd]

A s

1. Außenseite f, (das) Äußere:

from the outside von außen;

judge sth from the outside etwas als Außenstehender beurteilen;

on the outside außen ( → A 2);

on the outside of

a) an der Außenseite (gen),

b) jenseits (gen);

outside of the post SPORT Außenpfosten m

2. fig (das) Äußere, (äußere) Erscheinung, Oberfläche f, (das) Vordergründige:

on the outside äußerlich, nach außen hin ( → A 1)

3. Außenwelt f

4. umg (das) Äußerste, äußerste Grenze:

at the (very) outside (aller)höchstens, äußerstenfalls

5. Straßenseite f (eines Radwegs etc)

6. SPORT Außenstürmer(in):

outside right Rechtsaußen m

7. pl Außenblätter pl (eines Ries)

B adj

1. äußer(er, e, es), Außen…, an der Außenseite befindlich, von außen kommend:

outside broadcast ( RADIO, TV) Außenübertragung f;

outside diameter äußerer Durchmesser, Außendurchmesser m;

outside influences äußere Einflüsse;

outside interference Einmischung f von außen;

outside lane SPORT Außenbahn f;

in the outside lane auf der Außenbahn;

outside lavatory Außentoilette f;

outside loop FLUG Looping m vorwärts;

outside measurements Außenmaße;

outside pressure Druck m von außen (a. fig);

outside seat Außensitz m;

outside ski Außenski m;

outside track SPORT Außenbahn f (äußerer Teil der Bahn);

outside world Außenwelt f

2. im Freien getan (Arbeit)

3. außen stehend, extern:

outside broker WIRTSCH freie(r) Makler(in);

outside capital WIRTSCH Fremdkapital n;

outside help fremde Hilfe;

outside market WIRTSCH Freiverkehr m;

an outside opinion die Meinung eines Außenstehenden;

an outside person ein Außenstehender

4. äußerst:

quote the outside prices die äußersten Preise angeben

5. außerberuflich, UNIV außerakademisch (Aktivitäten etc)

6. outside chance

a) kleine oder geringe Chance,

b) SPORT Außenseiterchance f

C adv

1. draußen, engS. auch im Freien:

he’s outside again umg er ist wieder auf freiem Fuß;

outside of

a) außerhalb (gen),

b) US umg außer, ausgenommen

2. heraus, hinaus:

come outside! komm heraus!;

outside (with you)! raus (mit dir)!

3. (von) außen, an der Außenseite:

painted red outside

D präp

1. außerhalb, jenseits (gen) (beide auch fig):

it is outside his own experience es liegt außerhalb seiner eigenen Erfahrung;

her time was just one second outside the record SPORT ihre Zeit lag nur eine Sekunde über dem Rekord

2. außer:

no one knows outside you and me

* * *
1. noun
1) Außenseite, die

on the outside — außen

to/from the outside — nach/von außen

overtake somebody on the outside — jemanden außen überholen

2) (external appearance) Äußere, das; äußere Erscheinung

3)

at the [very] outside — (coll.) äußerstenfalls; höchstens
2. adjective
1) (of, on, nearer the outside) äußer...; Außen[wand, -mauer, -antenne, -toilette, -ansicht]

outside lane — Überholspur, die

2) (remote)

have only an outside chance — nur eine sehr geringe Chance haben

3) fremd [Hilfe]; äußer... [Einfluss]; Freizeit[aktivitäten, -interessen]

4) (greatest possible) maximal, höchst [Schätzung]

at an outside estimate — maximal od. höchstens od. im Höchstfall
3. adverb
1) (on the outside) draußen; (to the outside) nach draußen

the world outside — die Außenwelt

2)

outside of — see 4.
4. preposition
1) (on outer side of) außerhalb (+ Gen.)

2) (beyond) außerhalb (+ Gen.) [Reichweite, Festival, Familie]

it's outside the terms of the agreement — es gehört nicht zu den Bedingungen der Abmachung

3) (to the outside of) aus... hinaus

go outside the house — nach draußen gehen

* * *

adj.

außen adj.

außer adj.

außerhalb adj.

draußen adj.

draußen adv. n.

Äußere -n n.

English-german dictionary > outside
5 outside

1.
noun
(the outer surface: The outside of the house was painted white.) exterior

2.
adjective
1) (of, on, or near the outer part of anything: the outside door.) exterior

2) (not part of (a group, one's work etc): We shall need outside help; She has a lot of outside interests.) externo

3) ((of a chance etc) very small.) ínfimo, remoto

3.
adverb
1) (out of, not in a building etc: He went outside; He stayed outside.) fuera, afuera

2) (on the outside: The house looked beautiful outside.) por fuera

4.
preposition
(on the outer part or side of; not inside or within: He stood outside the house; He did that outside working hours.) fuera

- outsider
- at the outside
- outside in

outside¹ adv fuera / afuera

come outside! ¡sal para fuera! / ¡sal afuera!

I left the dog outside dejé al perro fuera

outside² n exterior

the outside of the building el exterior del edificio

outside³ prep

1. fuera de

they live outside Barcelona viven fuera de Barcelona / no viven dentro de Barcelona

Vallecas is just outside Madrid Vallecas está al lado mismo de Madrid

2. delante de

I saw him outside the station lo vi delante de la estación

there was a queue outside the cinema había una cola delante del cine

outside

tr[ (n) aʊt'saɪd; (prep) 'aʊtsaɪd]

noun

1 (exterior part) exterior nombre masculino, parte nombre femenino exterior

■ from the outside desde fuera

■ on the outside por fuera

2 SMALLBRITISH ENGLISH/SMALL (when driving) derecha

■ you have to overtake on the outside hay que adelantar por la derecha

preposition

1 (gen) fuera de

■ outside Spain fuera de España

■ a demonstration outside the French Embassy una manifestación delante de la embajada francesa

2 (beyond) más allá de, fuera de

■ outside working hours fuera del horario laboral

3 (other than) aparte de, fuera de

adverb

1 (gen) fuera, afuera

■ let's go outside vamos fuera

■ it's warm outside hace bastante calor fuera

adjective

1 (exterior) exterior

2 (external) externo,-a

■ an outside opinion una opinión independiente

3 (remote) remoto,-a

4 (greatest possible) mayor, sumo,-a, más alto,-a

\

SMALLIDIOMATIC EXPRESSION/SMALL

at the outside como máximo, como mucho

outside broadcast transmisión nombre femenino desde fuera de los estudios

outside call llamada exterior

outside lane (on motorway - driving on left) carril nombre masculino de la derecha; (- driving on right) carril nombre masculino de la izquierda 2 (on racetrack) calle nombre femenino exterior

outside left SMALLSPORT/SMALL extremo izquierda

outside line línea exterior

outside right SMALLSPORT/SMALL extremo derecha

the outside world el mundo exterior

outside [.aʊt'saɪd, 'aʊt.-] adv

: fuera, afuera

outside adj

1) : exterior, externo

the outside edge: el borde exterior

outside influences: influencias externas

2) remote: remoto

an outside chance: una posibilidad remota

outside n

1) exterior: parte f de afuera, exterior m

2) most: máximo m

three weeks at the outside: tres semanas como máximo

3)

from the outside : desde afuera, desde fuera

outside prep

: fuera de, afuera de

outside my window: fuera de mi ventana

outside regular hours: fuera del horario normal

outside the law: afuera de la ley

outside

adj.

• afuera adj.

• ajeno, -a adj.

• forastero, -a adj.

• fuera de adj.

adv.

• afuera adv.

• defuera adv.

• fuera adv.

n.

• corteza s.f.

• exterior s.m.

• sobrefaz s.f.

• superficie s.f.

prep.

• fuera de prep.

I 'aʊt'saɪd
noun

1)

a) ( exterior part) exterior m; ( surface) parte f de fuera or (esp AmL) de afuera

the house looks really nice from the outside — la casa parece muy bonita vista desde (a)fuera

on the outside she appeared very calm — aparentemente estaba muy tranquila, por fuera parecía muy tranquila

b) ( of road)

he overtook me on the outside — me adelantó por la izquierda; ( in UK etc) me adelantó por la derecha

2) the outside

a) (of group, organization)

to be on the outside looking in — ser* un mero espectador

seen from the outside — visto desde fuera or (esp AmL) desde afuera

b) ( of prison) (colloq) fuera, afuera (esp AmL)

he's got a friend on the outside — tiene un amigo (a)fuera

3)

at the (very) outside — como máximo, a lo sumo

II

adverb

a) ( place) fuera, afuera (esp AmL)

b) ( outdoors) fuera, afuera (esp AmL)

what's it like outside? — ¿qué tiempo hace (a)fuera?

c) ( indicating movement)

to run outside — salir* corriendo

III

preposition

a) ( of a place) fuera de

you wear the blouse outside the skirt — la blusa se lleva por fuera (de la falda)

it's just outside London — está en las afueras de Londres

it's five miles outside Oxford — está a cinco millas de Oxford

I'll see you outside the theater — te veo en la puerta del teatro

b) ( beyond) fuera de

it's outside my responsibilities — no está dentro de mis responsabilidades

c) ( in time)

outside office hours — fuera del horario de oficina

only 2 seconds outside the world record — sólo a 2 segundos del récord mundial

IV

adjective (before n)

1)

a) (exterior, outward) exterior

b) ( outdoor) < toilet> fuera de la vivienda, exterior; < swimming pool> descubierto, al aire libre

c) ( outer) exterior

the outside lane — ( Auto) el carril or (Chi) la pista or (Ur) la senda de la izquierda; ( in UK etc) el carril or la pista etc de la derecha; ( Sport) el carril (AmL) or (Esp) la calle número ocho (or seis etc)

d) ( external) <interference/pressure> externo

the outside world — el mundo exterior

2) ( remote) < chance> remoto

['aʊt'saɪd]
1.

ADV fuera, afuera (esp LAm)

to be/go outside — estar/salir fuera

seen from outside — visto desde fuera

2. PREP
(also: outside of)
1) (=not inside) fuera de, afuera de (LAm); (=beyond) más allá de

outside the city — fuera de la ciudad, en las afueras de la ciudad

it's outside the normal range — cae fuera del alcance normal

the car outside the house — el coche que está frente a la casa

he waited outside the door — esperó en la puerta

2) (=not within) fuera de

this matter is outside their jurisdiction — este asunto queda fuera de su competencia

that's outside our terms of reference — eso no entra dentro de nuestro cometido

it's outside my experience — no tengo experiencia en eso

3. ADJ

1) (=exterior) [wall] exterior; [door] que da a la calle; (=outdoors) [patio, swimming pool] descubierto, al aire libre; (=alien) [influence] externo

• outside broadcast — (Rad, TV) retransmisión f desde exteriores

• outside call — llamada f de fuera

• the outside lane — (Brit) (Aut) el carril de la derecha; (most other countries) el carril de la izquierda

• outside line — (Telec) línea f exterior

• an outside seat — un asiento al lado del pasillo

• his parents shielded him from the outside world — sus padres le protegieron del mundo exterior

2) (=unlikely)

an outside chance — una posibilidad remota

3) (=of another organization, person)

outside contractor — contratista mf independiente

to get an outside opinion — pedir una opinión independiente

4. N

1) (=outer part) exterior m, parte f exterior

judging from the outside — a juzgar por las apariencias

to open a window from the outside — abrir una ventana desde fuera

on the outside — por fuera

to overtake on the outside — (Brit) (Aut) adelantar or (Mex) rebasar por la derecha; (most other countries) adelantar or (Mex) rebasar por la izquierda

2) (=maximum)

at the (very) outside — a lo sumo, como máximo

5.

CPD

outside toilet N — retrete m exterior

* * *

I ['aʊt'saɪd]
noun

1)

a) ( exterior part) exterior m; ( surface) parte f de fuera or (esp AmL) de afuera

the house looks really nice from the outside — la casa parece muy bonita vista desde (a)fuera

on the outside she appeared very calm — aparentemente estaba muy tranquila, por fuera parecía muy tranquila

b) ( of road)

he overtook me on the outside — me adelantó por la izquierda; ( in UK etc) me adelantó por la derecha

2) the outside

a) (of group, organization)

to be on the outside looking in — ser* un mero espectador

seen from the outside — visto desde fuera or (esp AmL) desde afuera

b) ( of prison) (colloq) fuera, afuera (esp AmL)

he's got a friend on the outside — tiene un amigo (a)fuera

3)

at the (very) outside — como máximo, a lo sumo

II

adverb

a) ( place) fuera, afuera (esp AmL)

b) ( outdoors) fuera, afuera (esp AmL)

what's it like outside? — ¿qué tiempo hace (a)fuera?

c) ( indicating movement)

to run outside — salir* corriendo

III

preposition

a) ( of a place) fuera de

you wear the blouse outside the skirt — la blusa se lleva por fuera (de la falda)

it's just outside London — está en las afueras de Londres

it's five miles outside Oxford — está a cinco millas de Oxford

I'll see you outside the theater — te veo en la puerta del teatro

b) ( beyond) fuera de

it's outside my responsibilities — no está dentro de mis responsabilidades

c) ( in time)

outside office hours — fuera del horario de oficina

only 2 seconds outside the world record — sólo a 2 segundos del récord mundial

IV

adjective (before n)

1)

a) (exterior, outward) exterior

b) ( outdoor) < toilet> fuera de la vivienda, exterior; < swimming pool> descubierto, al aire libre

c) ( outer) exterior

the outside lane — ( Auto) el carril or (Chi) la pista or (Ur) la senda de la izquierda; ( in UK etc) el carril or la pista etc de la derecha; ( Sport) el carril (AmL) or (Esp) la calle número ocho (or seis etc)

d) ( external) <interference/pressure> externo

the outside world — el mundo exterior

2) ( remote) < chance> remoto

English-spanish dictionary > outside
6 influence

1. n
(on / with smb) влияние; воздействие (на кого-л.)

influence declines / diminishes / wanes — влияние падает

to be under the influence — 1) быть / находиться под влиянием 2) быть в состоянии алкогольного опьянения

to bear influence — оказывать влияние

to bolster one's influence — усиливать свое влияние

to bring influence — оказывать влияние

to buy influence abroad — расширять свое влияние в других странах с помощью экономических средств

to come under smb's influence — попадать под чье-л. влияние

to counteract smb's influence — противодействовать чьему-л. влиянию

to curb smb's influence — сдерживать / ограничивать чье-л. влияние

to delimit spheres of influence — разграничивать сферы влияния

to diminish smb's influence on smb — уменьшать чье-л. влияние на кого-л.

to erode smb's influence — подрывать чье-л. влияние

to exercise influence behind the scenes — оказывать закулисное влияние

to exert influence on smb — оказывать влияние на кого-л.

to expand one's influence — расширять свое влияние

to extend smb's influence over a country — распространять чье-л. влияние на какую-л. страну

to fall under the influence of smb — попадать под чье-л. влияние

to flaunt one's influence — афишировать свое влияние

to gain influence among smb — завоевывать влияние среди кого-л.

to have influence on smth — оказывать влияние на что-л.

to have influence over / with smb — иметь влияние на кого-л.

to hold smb's influence in check — препятствовать чьему-л. влиянию

to increase a country's influence — усиливать влияние страны

to intercept smb's influence — препятствовать чьему-л. воздействию; не допускать чьего-л. влияния / воздействия

to keep influence — сохранять влияние

to lessen smb's influence on smb — уменьшать чье-л. влияние на кого-л.

to lose one's influence on smb — утрачивать влияние на кого-л.

to move Ukraine away from Russia's sphere of influence — выводить Украину из сферы влияния России

to neutralize smb's influence — нейтрализовать чье-л. влияние

to offset smb's influence — нейтрализовать чье-л. влияние; противостоять чьему-л. влиянию

to peddle one's influence — распространять свое влияние

to preserve influence — сохранять влияние

to quench the influence — нейтрализовать влияние

to reduce smb's influence on smb — уменьшать чье-л. влияние на кого-л.

to reject outside influences — отвергать внешние воздействия

to restrain / to restrict influence — ограничивать влияние

to spread one's influence — распространять свое влияние

to strengthen one's influence — усиливать влияние

to use one's influence — использовать свое влияние

to weaken smb's influence — ослаблять чье-л. влияние

to wield ( one's) influence — иметь влияние, пользоваться влиянием

- all-round influence
- backstage influence
- back-stairs influence
- behind-the-scenes influence
- beneficial influence
- corrupting influence
- cultural influence
- decisive influence
- decline of influence
- direct influence
- economic influence
- extension of influence

- fading influence
- growing influence
- growth of influence
- ideological influence
- increasing influence
- influence of ideas
- loss of personal influence
- man of influence
- marked influence
- means of ideological influence
- measures of ideological influence
- political influence
- power of public influence
- power of social influence
- profound influence
- psychological influence
- public influence
- scramble for influence
- social influence
- sphere of influence

- spread of influence
- strong influence
- undue influence
- vestiges of influence
- waning influence
- worldwide influence 2. v
влиять (на кого-л.), влиять (на что-л.)

to influence smb by one's example — воздействовать на кого-л. силой примера

to influence the minds — воздействовать на умы

Politics english-russian dictionary > influence
7 abrir

v.

1 to open.

la tienda abre a las cinco the shop opens at five (o'clock)

Ricardo abre la celda de Mario Richard opens Mario's cell.

El Dr. Zus abre el abdomen Dr. Zus opens=cuts open the abdomen.

2 to dig.

le abrieron la cabeza de un botellazo they smashed his head open with a bottle

abrir paso o camino (también figurative) to clear the way

3 to open (negocio, colegio, mercado).

4 to whet (apetito).

la natación abre el apetito swimming makes you hungry

5 to head.

6 to open the door (abrir la puerta).

¡abra, policía! open up, it's the police!

7 to draw open, to open.

Ricardo abre las cortinas Richard draws the curtains open.

8 to turn on.

Ricardo abre el paso de corriente Richard turns on the electricity.

* * *

abrir

(pp abierto,-a)

► verbo transitivo

1 (gen) to open

■ abre la ventana open the window

■ abriré esta botella de cava I'll open this bottle of cava

■ abrid vuestros libros en la página diez open your books at page ten

■ ya puedes abrir los ojos you can open your eyes now

■ quisiera abrir una cuenta corriente I would like to open a current account

2 (con llave) to unlock

■ sacó una llave y abrió la caja he took out a key and unlocked the safe

3 (cremallera) to undo

■ abrió la cremallera de la maleta she undid the zip on the case, she unzipped the case

4 (negocio) to open

■ van a abrir un bar en la esquina they're going to open a bar on the corner

5 (túnel) to dig; (agujero) to make

6 (luz) to switch on, turn on; (gas, grifo) to turn on

7 (iniciar) to start, begin

■ abrieron una investigación para aclarar la causa del incendio they started an investigation into the causes of the fire

8 (encabezar) to head, lead

■ un niño con una cruz abría la procesión a boy with a cross headed the procession

► verbo pronominal abrirse

1 (gen) to open

■ la puerta se abre hacia fuera the door opens outwards

■ le dieron puntos para que no se le abriera la herida they gave her stitches so that the wound wouldn't open

2 (flor) to open, come out

■ las rosas se están abriendo the roses are opening

3 (iniciarse) to begin, start, open

■ la película se abre con una escena muy bella the film opens with a very beautiful scene

4 (extenderse) to spread out, unfold

5 (dar) to open (a, onto), look (a, onto)

■ la casa se abre al mar the house looks onto the sea

6 (ligamentos) to sprain

7 figurado (sincerarse) to open out

8 argot (largarse) to clear off, be off,

■ ¡adiós, me abro! bye, I'm off!, US I'm out of here!

\

FRASEOLOGÍA

abrir fuego MILITAR to open fire

abrir la mano figurado to relax standards

abrir paso to make way

abrir un expediente DERECHO to start proceedings

abrir una posibilidad to open up a possibility

■ la nueva ley abre la posibilidad de que los terroristas se reinserten en la sociedad the new law makes it possible for terrorists to be reintegrated into society

abrirle la cabeza a alguien familiar to smash somebody's head in

abrirse paso en la vida figurado to make one's way in life

en un abrir y cerrar de ojos familiar in the twinkling of an eye

no abrir (la) boca figurado not to say a word

* * *

verb

1) to open

2) unlock

3) undo

* * *
( pp abierto)
1. VT

1) [algo que estaba cerrado]

a) [+ puerta, armario, libro, ojos] to open; [+ cremallera, bragueta] to undo

abre la ventana — open the window

abrir una puerta/ventana de par en par — to open a door/window wide

le abrían las cartas — they were opening his letters

abre la boca — open your mouth; [en el dentista] open wide

no encuentro la llave para abrir la puerta — I can't find the key to open o unlock the door

abrid el libro por la página 50 — turn to page 50 in the book, open the book at page 50

- en un abrir y cerrar de ojos

b) [desplegando] [+ mapa, mantel] to spread out; [+ paraguas] to open, put up; [+ mano, abanico, paracaídas] to open

c) [haciendo una abertura] [+ pozo] to sink; [+ foso, cimientos] to dig; [+ agujero, perforación] to make, bore; [+ camino] to clear; LAm [+ bosque] to clear

tuvimos que abrir camino cortando ramas — we had to cut a path through the branches

he abierto un sendero en el jardín — I've made a path in the garden

la explosión abrió una brecha en la pared — the explosion blew a hole in the wall

las lluvias han abierto socavones en las calles — the rain has caused potholes to appear on the streets

d) [haciendo un corte] [+ sandía] to cut open; [+ herida] to open

abre el pan por la mitad — cut the loaf in half

e) [+ grifo, luz, agua] to turn on; [+ válvula] to open

abre el grifo del agua caliente — turn the hot water tap on

abre un poco más el grifo — open the tap a bit more

¿has abierto el gas? — have you turned the gas on?

2) (=encabezar) [+ manifestación, desfile] to lead, head; [+ baile] to open, lead off; [+ lista] to head

3) (=inaugurar)

a) [+ acto, ceremonia] to open

se acaban de volver a abrir las negociaciones con los sindicatos — negotiations with the unions have been reopened

el plazo para las solicitudes se abre en abril — applications may be made from April

ya han abierto el plazo de matrícula — registration has already started

b) (Com) [+ negocio] to set up, start; [+ cuenta] to open

ha decidido abrir su propio negocio — she has decided to set up o start her own business

han abierto un centro de atención al cliente — they've opened a customer service centre

he abierto la cuenta con 400 euros — I opened the account with 400 euros

abrir un expediente a algn — [investigación] to open a file on sb; [proceso] to begin proceedings against sb

abrir una información — to open o start an inquiry

c) (Tip)

abrir comillas — to open quotes

abrir paréntesis — to open brackets

d) (Mil)

¡abran fuego! — (open) fire!

4) (=ampliar) [+ perspectivas] to open up

este acuerdo abre nuevas perspectivas de paz — this agreement offers new hope of peace

vivir en el extranjero le abrió la mente — living abroad opened up his mind o made him more open-minded

estos países han abierto sus economías — these countries have opened their economy up

5) [+ apetito]

las vitaminas te abrirán el apetito — taking vitamins will improve your appetite

ese olor me está abriendo el apetito — that smell is making me hungry

esta selección abre el apetito a los lectores — this selection is intended to whet the readers' appetite

2. VI

1) [puerta, cajón] to open

esta puerta no abre — this door won't open

2) [persona] to open the door, open up

¡abre, soy yo! — open the door o open up, it's me!

llamé pero no abrió nadie — I knocked at the door, but nobody answered

esta llave no abre bien — this key is a bit stiff

3) [comercio, museo] to open

las tiendas abren a las diez — the shops open at ten o'clock

los sábados no abrimos al público — we're not open to the public on Saturdays

el banco abre de 9 a 1 — the bank is open from 9 to 1

el almacén volverá a abrir en septiembre — the warehouse will reopen in September

4) [flor] to open

5) [en operación quirúrgica]

vamos a tener que abrir — we're going to have to open him up

6) (Meteo) to clear up

parece que está empezando a abrir — it looks like it's starting to clear up

7) (Bridge) to open

abrir de tres a un palo — to open three in a suit

abrir de corazones — to open (with a bid in) hearts

8) Caribe * (=huir) to escape, run off

3.

See:

abrirse

* * *
1.
verbo transitivo

1) ( en general) to open; < paraguas> to open, put up; < mapa> to open out, unfold; < cortinas> to open, draw back; < persianas> to raise, pull up; < cremallera> to undo

2) <llave/gas> to turn on; < válvula> to open; < cerradura> to unlock

3)

a) <zanja/túnel> to dig; < agujero> to make

le abrió la cabeza de una pedrada — he hit her with a stone and gashed her head

b) < absceso> to open... up; < paciente> (fam) to open... up (colloq)

4)

a) <comercio/museo> ( para el quehacer diario) to open; ( inaugurar) to open (up)

¿a qué hora abren la taquilla? — what time does the box office open?

abrir algo al público — to open something to the public

b) <carretera/aeropuerto> to open; < frontera> to open (up)

c) (Com) to open up

5)

a) ( iniciar) < cuenta bancaria> to open; < negocio> to start, set up; < suscripción> to take out; < caso> to open; < investigación> to begin, set up

el plazo para la presentación de solicitudes se abrirá el 2 de junio — applications will be accepted from June 2

no han abierto la matrícula aún — registration hasn't begun yet

b) <acto/debate/baile> to open

c) <desfile/cortejo> to head, lead

d) <paréntesis/comillas> to open

e)

abrir fuego — to open fire

6) < apetito> to whet

7) < perspectivas> to open up; < etapa> to mark the beginning of

el acuerdo abre un panorama desolador — the agreement points to a bleak future

8) ( hacer más receptivo)

le abrió la mente — it made her more open-minded

abrir algo a algo — to open something up to something

para abrir nuestro país a nuevas tendencias — to open our country up to new trends
2.
abrir vi

1) persona to open up

abre! soy yo — open the door o open up! it's me

2) puerta/cajón to open

esta ventana no abre (bien) — this window doesn't open (properly)

3) comercio/museo to open

abre de nueve a tres — it opens from nine till three

4) acto/ceremonia to open; (Jueg) to open
3.
abrir v impers (fam) (Meteo)

parece que quiere abrir — it looks as if it's going to clear up
4.
abrirse v pron

1)

a) puerta/ventana to open

abrirse a algo — a jardín/corredor to open onto something

b) flor/almeja to open; paracaídas to open

2)

a) (refl) <chaqueta/cremallera> to undo

b) ( rajarse) madera/costura to split

se cayó y se abrió la cabeza — she fell and split her head open

3)

a) (liter) ( ofrecerse a la vista) to appear, unfold

un espléndido panorama se abrió ante sus ojos — the most wonderful view unfolded before their eyes (liter)

b) porvenir to lie ahead; perspectivas to open up

con este descubrimiento se abren nuevos horizontes — this discovery opens up new horizons

4) período/era to begin

con este tratado se abre una nueva etapa — this treaty marks o heralds a new era

5)

a) ( confiarse)

abrirse a alguien — to open up to somebody

b) ( hacerse más receptivo)

abrirse a algo — to open to something

c) ( hacerse más accesible)

abrirse a alguien/algo — to open up to somebody/something

China se ha abierto a los extranjeros — China has opened up to foreigners

6) (AmL fam) ( echarse atrás) to back out, get cold feet

* * *

= forge, open up, open, unfold, unfurl, unlock, splay, unzip.

Nota: Aplicado generalmente a cremalleras.

Ex. This article calls on libraries to forge a renewed national commitment to cooperate in the building of a national information network for scholarly communications.

Ex. Here is a key paper by a non librarian which opens up a new and constructive approach to library purpose.

Ex. The 1st phase of a cultural centre, with library, art gallery, swimming pool, cafe and day centre for the elderly, was opened in Sept 87.

Ex. This algorithm handles cyclic graphs without unfolding the cycles nor looping through them.

Ex. This volume is in fact three books shuffled together under one luscious cover, unfurling as a fantasia on technique that explores, among other things, Mau's riffs on modernism.

Ex. This allows borrowers to browse but it is tedious for staff to keep unlocking the case every time a cassette is borrowed or returned.

Ex. Walk your feet up the wall, then take the belt and place it on your upper arms right above your elbows to keep your arms from splaying.

Ex. The full-length, two-direction zipper makes it easy to get on and off, and the bottom is easy to unzip for diaper changes.

----

* ¡ábrete sésamo! = open sesame!.

* abrir arrancando = rip + open.

* abrir camino (a) = make + way (for).

* abrir con lanceta = lance.

* abrir con llave = unlock.

* abrir cortando = lance.

* abrir de nuevo = reopen [re-open].

* abrir de un empujón = fling + open.

* abrir dinamitando = blast.

* abrir el apetito = whet + the appetite.

* abrir el corazón = bare + Posesivo + soul.

* abrir el debate = open + the debate.

* abrir el mercado = open up + market.

* abrir forzando = force + Nombre + open.

* abrir forzando con palanca = prise + Nombre + open.

* abrir fronteras = break + new ground, break + ground.

* abrir fuego = open + fire.

* abrir haciendo palanca = pry + Nombre + open.

* abrir horizontes = open out + horizons.

* abrir la boca = open + Posesivo + mouth.

* abrir la mente = broaden + Posesivo + outlook.

* abrir la puerta a = throw + open the door to.

* abrir la puerta empujándola = push + open + door.

* abrir las puertas de = unlock.

* abrir los brazos = spread + hands.

* abrir los ojos a = open + Posesivo + eyes to.

* abrir + Nombre + al debate = open + Nombre + to discussion.

* abrir nuevas fronteras = forge + new frontiers.

* abrir nuevas posibilidades = open up + new territory, open up + possibilities, open + possibilities.

* abrir nuevos caminos = break + new ground, push + Nombre + into new latitudes, break + ground, blaze + trail.

* abrir nuevos horizontes = open + new realms, forge + new frontiers.

* abrir nuevos mercados = branch out (into), branch into.

* abrir paso (a) = make + way (for).

* abrir puertas = open + avenues, open + doors.

* abrirse = gape, swing + open, hew.

* abrirse a = render + open to, open + Posesivo + mind up to.

* abrirse a posibilidades = be open to possibilities.

* abrirse camino = plough through, elbow + Posesivo + way into, elbow into, foist + Posesivo + way into, make + Posesivo + way in the world.

* abrirse camino (a empujones) = push + Posesivo + way across/into.

* abrirse camino en el mundo = make + Posesivo + way in the world.

* abrirse camino en la vida = get on in + life.

* abrirse en espiral = spiral out.

* abrirse la cabeza = smash + Posesivo + head, smash + Posesivo + head open.

* abrirse paso = jostle, break through, elbow + Posesivo + way into, elbow into.

* abrirse un socavón = cave in.

* abrir una brecha = breach.

* abrir una cerradura con ganzúa = pick + lock.

* abrir una consulta = hang out + Posesivo + shingle.

* abrir un agujero = cut + hole.

* abrir una interrogante sobre = leave + open the question of.

* abrir una negociación = open up + negotiation.

* abrir una ventana = switch on + window.

* abrir un camino = chart + direction.

* abrir un menú = pop up + a menu.

* a medio abrir = half-opened.

* en un abrir y cerrar de ojos = in a jiffy, in the time it takes to flick a switch, at the flick of a switch, with the flick of a switch, in a flash, in no time at all, in next to no time, in no time, with the tip of a hat, in and out in a flash, in a heartbeat, as quick as a wink, at the drop of a hat, in a trice.

* en un abrir y cerrar de ojos = in the blink of an eye, in the twinkling of an eye, in a snap.

* paréntesis que abre = left parenthesis.

* sin abrir = unopened.

* sin abrirse = unfolded.

* volver a abrir = be back in business.

* * *
1.
verbo transitivo

1) ( en general) to open; < paraguas> to open, put up; < mapa> to open out, unfold; < cortinas> to open, draw back; < persianas> to raise, pull up; < cremallera> to undo

2) <llave/gas> to turn on; < válvula> to open; < cerradura> to unlock

3)

a) <zanja/túnel> to dig; < agujero> to make

le abrió la cabeza de una pedrada — he hit her with a stone and gashed her head

b) < absceso> to open... up; < paciente> (fam) to open... up (colloq)

4)

a) <comercio/museo> ( para el quehacer diario) to open; ( inaugurar) to open (up)

¿a qué hora abren la taquilla? — what time does the box office open?

abrir algo al público — to open something to the public

b) <carretera/aeropuerto> to open; < frontera> to open (up)

c) (Com) to open up

5)

a) ( iniciar) < cuenta bancaria> to open; < negocio> to start, set up; < suscripción> to take out; < caso> to open; < investigación> to begin, set up

el plazo para la presentación de solicitudes se abrirá el 2 de junio — applications will be accepted from June 2

no han abierto la matrícula aún — registration hasn't begun yet

b) <acto/debate/baile> to open

c) <desfile/cortejo> to head, lead

d) <paréntesis/comillas> to open

e)

abrir fuego — to open fire

6) < apetito> to whet

7) < perspectivas> to open up; < etapa> to mark the beginning of

el acuerdo abre un panorama desolador — the agreement points to a bleak future

8) ( hacer más receptivo)

le abrió la mente — it made her more open-minded

abrir algo a algo — to open something up to something

para abrir nuestro país a nuevas tendencias — to open our country up to new trends
2.
abrir vi

1) persona to open up

abre! soy yo — open the door o open up! it's me

2) puerta/cajón to open

esta ventana no abre (bien) — this window doesn't open (properly)

3) comercio/museo to open

abre de nueve a tres — it opens from nine till three

4) acto/ceremonia to open; (Jueg) to open
3.
abrir v impers (fam) (Meteo)

parece que quiere abrir — it looks as if it's going to clear up
4.
abrirse v pron

1)

a) puerta/ventana to open

abrirse a algo — a jardín/corredor to open onto something

b) flor/almeja to open; paracaídas to open

2)

a) (refl) <chaqueta/cremallera> to undo

b) ( rajarse) madera/costura to split

se cayó y se abrió la cabeza — she fell and split her head open

3)

a) (liter) ( ofrecerse a la vista) to appear, unfold

un espléndido panorama se abrió ante sus ojos — the most wonderful view unfolded before their eyes (liter)

b) porvenir to lie ahead; perspectivas to open up

con este descubrimiento se abren nuevos horizontes — this discovery opens up new horizons

4) período/era to begin

con este tratado se abre una nueva etapa — this treaty marks o heralds a new era

5)

a) ( confiarse)

abrirse a alguien — to open up to somebody

b) ( hacerse más receptivo)

abrirse a algo — to open to something

c) ( hacerse más accesible)

abrirse a alguien/algo — to open up to somebody/something

China se ha abierto a los extranjeros — China has opened up to foreigners

6) (AmL fam) ( echarse atrás) to back out, get cold feet

* * *

= forge, open up, open, unfold, unfurl, unlock, splay, unzip.

Nota: Aplicado generalmente a cremalleras.

Ex: This article calls on libraries to forge a renewed national commitment to cooperate in the building of a national information network for scholarly communications.

Ex: Here is a key paper by a non librarian which opens up a new and constructive approach to library purpose.

Ex: The 1st phase of a cultural centre, with library, art gallery, swimming pool, cafe and day centre for the elderly, was opened in Sept 87.

Ex: This algorithm handles cyclic graphs without unfolding the cycles nor looping through them.

Ex: This volume is in fact three books shuffled together under one luscious cover, unfurling as a fantasia on technique that explores, among other things, Mau's riffs on modernism.

Ex: This allows borrowers to browse but it is tedious for staff to keep unlocking the case every time a cassette is borrowed or returned.

Ex: Walk your feet up the wall, then take the belt and place it on your upper arms right above your elbows to keep your arms from splaying.

Ex: The full-length, two-direction zipper makes it easy to get on and off, and the bottom is easy to unzip for diaper changes.

* ¡ábrete sésamo! = open sesame!.

* abrir arrancando = rip + open.

* abrir camino (a) = make + way (for).

* abrir con lanceta = lance.

* abrir con llave = unlock.

* abrir cortando = lance.

* abrir de nuevo = reopen [re-open].

* abrir de un empujón = fling + open.

* abrir dinamitando = blast.

* abrir el apetito = whet + the appetite.

* abrir el corazón = bare + Posesivo + soul.

* abrir el debate = open + the debate.

* abrir el mercado = open up + market.

* abrir forzando = force + Nombre + open.

* abrir forzando con palanca = prise + Nombre + open.

* abrir fronteras = break + new ground, break + ground.

* abrir fuego = open + fire.

* abrir haciendo palanca = pry + Nombre + open.

* abrir horizontes = open out + horizons.

* abrir la boca = open + Posesivo + mouth.

* abrir la mente = broaden + Posesivo + outlook.

* abrir la puerta a = throw + open the door to.

* abrir la puerta empujándola = push + open + door.

* abrir las puertas de = unlock.

* abrir los brazos = spread + hands.

* abrir los ojos a = open + Posesivo + eyes to.

* abrir + Nombre + al debate = open + Nombre + to discussion.

* abrir nuevas fronteras = forge + new frontiers.

* abrir nuevas posibilidades = open up + new territory, open up + possibilities, open + possibilities.

* abrir nuevos caminos = break + new ground, push + Nombre + into new latitudes, break + ground, blaze + trail.

* abrir nuevos horizontes = open + new realms, forge + new frontiers.

* abrir nuevos mercados = branch out (into), branch into.

* abrir paso (a) = make + way (for).

* abrir puertas = open + avenues, open + doors.

* abrirse = gape, swing + open, hew.

* abrirse a = render + open to, open + Posesivo + mind up to.

* abrirse a posibilidades = be open to possibilities.

* abrirse camino = plough through, elbow + Posesivo + way into, elbow into, foist + Posesivo + way into, make + Posesivo + way in the world.

* abrirse camino (a empujones) = push + Posesivo + way across/into.

* abrirse camino en el mundo = make + Posesivo + way in the world.

* abrirse camino en la vida = get on in + life.

* abrirse en espiral = spiral out.

* abrirse la cabeza = smash + Posesivo + head, smash + Posesivo + head open.

* abrirse paso = jostle, break through, elbow + Posesivo + way into, elbow into.

* abrirse un socavón = cave in.

* abrir una brecha = breach.

* abrir una cerradura con ganzúa = pick + lock.

* abrir una consulta = hang out + Posesivo + shingle.

* abrir un agujero = cut + hole.

* abrir una interrogante sobre = leave + open the question of.

* abrir una negociación = open up + negotiation.

* abrir una ventana = switch on + window.

* abrir un camino = chart + direction.

* abrir un menú = pop up + a menu.

* a medio abrir = half-opened.

* en un abrir y cerrar de ojos = in a jiffy, in the time it takes to flick a switch, at the flick of a switch, with the flick of a switch, in a flash, in no time at all, in next to no time, in no time, with the tip of a hat, in and out in a flash, in a heartbeat, as quick as a wink, at the drop of a hat, in a trice.

* en un abrir y cerrar de ojos = in the blink of an eye, in the twinkling of an eye, in a snap.

* paréntesis que abre = left parenthesis.

* sin abrir = unopened.

* sin abrirse = unfolded.

* volver a abrir = be back in business.

* * *

abrir [ I33 ]

vt

A

1 ‹puerta/ventana/armario› to open ver tb puerta

2 ‹ojos/boca› to open ver tb

ojo, abrir, etc

3 ‹paquete/maleta› to open; ‹carta/sobre› to open

4 ‹botella/frasco/lata› to open

5 ‹paraguas› to open, put up; ‹abanico› to open; ‹mapa› to open out, unfold; ‹libro› to open; ‹mano› to open

6 ‹cortinas› to open, draw back; ‹persianas› to raise, pull up

B ‹grifo/agua/gas› to turn on; ‹válvula› to open

C

1 ‹zanja/túnel› to dig; ‹agujero› to make

la bomba abrió un boquete en la pared the bomb blew o blasted a hole in the wall

abrieron una entrada en la pared they made o smashed a hole in the wall

abrieron una zanja en la calzada they dug a trench in the road

le abrió la cabeza de una pedrada he hit her with a stone and gashed her head

abrió un abismo insondable entre los dos países it created a yawning gulf between the two countries

2 ‹absceso› to open … up ‹paciente›

va a haber que abrirlo ( fam); they're going to have to open him up o cut him open ( colloq)

D

1 ‹comercio/museo/restaurante› (para el quehacer diario) to open; (inaugurar) to open (up)

¿a qué hora abren el mercado? what time does the market open?

¿a qué hora abren la taquilla? what time does the box office open?

van a abrir un nuevo hospital they're going to open a new hospital

la exposición se abrirá al público mañana the exhibition will open to the public tomorrow

2 ‹carretera/aeropuerto› to open; ‹frontera› to open (up) camino m B 1. (↑ camino), paso¹ (↑ paso (1))

3 ( Com) to open up

con el fin de abrir nuevos mercados para nuestros productos with the aim of opening up new markets for our products

4 ( Inf) ‹documento/fichero› to open

E (iniciar) ‹cuenta bancaria› to open; ‹negocio› to start, set up; ‹suscripción› to take out; ‹caso› to open; ‹investigación› to begin, set up

el plazo para la presentación de solicitudes se abrirá el 2 de junio applications will be accepted from June 2

todavía no se ha abierto la matrícula registration hasn't begun yet

F

1 (dar comienzo a) ‹acto/debate/ceremonia› to open

abrieron el baile los novios the bride and groom opened the dancing

¡abran fuego! open fire!

2 ‹desfile/cortejo› to head, lead

3 ‹paréntesis/comillas› to open

G ‹apeitito› to whet

la caminata me abrió el apetito the walk whetted my appetite

H ‹perspectivas› to open up

el acuerdo abre un panorama desolador para la flota pesquera the agreement points to o ( frml) presages a bleak future for the fishing fleet

este descubrimiento abre nuevas posibilidades en este campo this discovery opens up new possibilities in this field

abriría una etapa de entendimiento mutuo it was to mark the beginning of o to herald the beginning of o to usher in a period of mutual understanding

I

(hacer más receptivo): le había abierto la mente it had made her more open-minded

abrir algo A algo to open sth up TO sth

para abrir nuestro país a las nuevas corrientes ideológicas to open our country up to new ways of thinking

■ abrir

vi

A «persona» to open up

¡abre! soy yo open the door o open up! it's me

llaman al timbre, ve a abrir there's someone ringing the bell, go and answer it

B «puerta/ventana/cajón» to open

esta ventana no abre/no abre bien this window doesn't open/doesn't open properly

C «comerciante/comercio/oficina» to open

no abrimos los domingos we don't open on Sundays, we're not open on Sundays

la biblioteca abre de nueve a tres the library is open from nine till three

el museo abrirá al público el próximo lunes the museum will open to the public next Monday

D

1 «acto/ceremonia» to open

2 ( Jueg) to open

E ( fam)

(para operar): va a haber que abrir we're going to have to open him up ( colloq), we're going to have to cut him open ( colloq)

■

v impers

( fam) ( Meteo):

parece que quiere abrir it looks as if it's going to clear up

■ abrirse

v pron

A

1 «puerta/ventana» to open

la puerta se abrió violentamente the door flew open

abrirse A algo to open INTO/ ONTO sth

las habitaciones se abren a un corredor/a un patio interior the rooms open onto a corridor/into a courtyard

2 «flor/almeja» to open

3 «paracaídas» to open

B

1 ( refl) ‹chaqueta/cremallera› to undo

2

(rajarse): se cayó y se abrió la cabeza she fell and split her head open

3 ( refl) ‹venas›

se abrió las venas he slashed his wrists

4 ‹muñeca/tobillo› to sprain

5 «madera/costura» to split

la tela se está abriendo en las costuras the fabric's going o beginning to go o beginning to split at the seams

camino m B 1. (↑ camino), paso¹ (↑ paso (1))

C

1 ( liter)

(ofrecerse a la vista): un espléndido panorama se abrió ante sus ojos the most beautiful view unfolded before their eyes ( liter)

al final de la calle se abría una plazuela the end of the street opened out into a little square

2 «perspectivas» to open up

con este descubrimiento se abren nuevos horizontes this discovery opens up new horizons

un maravilloso porvenir se abre ante nosotros a wonderful future lies ahead of us, we have a wonderful future ahead of us

D ‹período› to begin

con este tratado se abre una nueva etapa en las relaciones bilaterales this treaty marks o heralds a new era in bilateral relations

E

1 (confiarse) abrirse A algn to open up TO sb

2 (hacerse más receptivo) abrirse A algo to open up TO sth

nuestro país debe abrirse a las influencias externas our country must open up to outside influences

F

1 ( arg) (marcharse) to be off ( colloq), to take off ( AmE colloq)

yo a las cinco me abro come five o'clock I'm off o I'll be off o I'm taking off

2 ( AmL fam) (echarse atrás) to back out, get cold feet

* * *

abrir ( conjugate abrir) verbo transitivo
1 ( en general) to open;
‹ paraguas› to open, put up;
‹ mapa› to open out, unfold;
‹ cortinas› to open, draw back;
‹ persianas› to raise, pull up;
‹ cremallera› to undo
2 ‹llave/gas› to turn on;
‹ válvula› to open;
‹ cerradura› to unlock
3
a) ‹zanja/túnel› to dig;

‹ agujero› to make
b) (fam) ‹ paciente› to open … up (colloq)

4
a) ‹comercio/museo› ( para el quehacer diario) to open;

( inaugurar) to open (up);
◊ ¿a qué hora abren la taquilla? what time does the box office open?

b) ‹carretera/aeropuerto› to open;

‹ frontera› to open (up)
5
a) ( iniciar) ‹ cuenta bancaria› to open;

‹ negocio› to start, set up;
‹ suscripción› to take out;
‹ investigación› to begin, set up;
◊ no han abierto la matrícula aún registration hasn't begun yet;

abrir fuego to open fire
b) ‹acto/debate/baile› to open

c) ‹desfile/cortejo› to head, lead

d) ‹paréntesis/comillas› to open

6 ‹ apetito› to whet
abrirse verbo pronominal
1
a) [puerta/ventana] to open;

abrirse a algo ‹a jardín/corredor› to open onto sth
b) [flor/almeja] to open;

[ paracaídas] to open
2 ( refl) ‹chaqueta/cremallera› to undo
3
a) [ porvenir] to lie ahead;

[ perspectivas] to open up;
◊ con este descubrimiento se abren nuevos horizontes this discovery opens up new horizons

b) [período/era] to begin

abrir
I verbo transitivo
1 (separar, permitir el acceso, desplegar) to open
(una cerradura) to unlock
(una cremallera) to undo
2 (una llave, un grifo) to turn on
3 (hacer una zanja, un túnel, etc) to dig
(hacer un ojal, el agujero de una ventana) to make: abriremos una ventana en esta pared, we'll make an opening for a window on this wall
4 (iniciar un discurso, una actividad) to open, start: van a abrir una tienda en la esquina, they're going to open a shop on the corner
tienes que abrir una cuenta en este banco, you've got to open an account at this bank
5 (ampliar, expandir) to open: deberíamos abrir nuestro mercado, we should open up our market
6 (rajar) to slit: cuando abrimos la sandía resultó que no estaba madura, when we cut open the watermelon we realised that it wasn't ripe
abrieron la res en canal, they slit open the animal
7 Jur a Álvarez le han abierto un expediente, they have started investigating Álvarez
II verbo intransitivo
1 to open
♦ Locuciones: en un abrir y cerrar de ojos, in the twinkling of an eye
' abrir' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
caja
- canal
- dar
- fuego
- ojo
- poner
- tardar
- zanja
- apalancar
- baile
- correr
- cuenta
- grifo
- intención
- palanca
- paso
English:
answer
- blaze
- claw
- door
- draw
- fire
- force
- get
- hurtle
- instruct
- light
- manage
- open
- open up
- prise
- put on
- put up
- reopen
- sharpen
- snap
- trice
- turn on
- twinkling
- unlock
- unwrap
- whet
- whisk away
- whisk off
- work up
- wrench
- bore
- breach
- downstairs
- gouge
- ground
- lance
- lever
- pick
- put
- quarry
- set
- sink
- splay
- start
- time
- try
- tunnel
- turn
- undo
- unopened

* * *

abrir

♦ vt

1. [en general] to open;
[alas] to spread; [agua, gas] to turn on; [cerradura] to unlock, to open; Informát [archivo] to open; [cremallera] to undo; [melón, sandía] to cut open; [paraguas] to open; [cortinas] to open, to draw; [persianas] to raise; [frontera] to open (up);
ella abrió la caja she opened the box;

abre el grifo turn the Br tap o US faucet on;

abrir un libro to open a book;

abrir la licitación/sesión to open the bidding/session;

Comp

en un abrir y cerrar de ojos in the blink o twinkling of an eye

2. [túnel] to dig;
[canal, camino] to build; [agujero, surco] to make;
la explosión abrió un gran agujero en la pared the explosion blasted a big hole in the wall;

le abrieron la cabeza de un botellazo they smashed his head open with a bottle

3. [iniciar] [cuenta bancaria] to open;
[investigación] to open, to start
4. [inaugurar] to open;

van a abrir un nuevo centro comercial they're going to open a new shopping centre

5. [apetito] to whet;

la natación abre el apetito swimming makes you hungry

6. [signo ortográfico] to open;

abrir comillas/paréntesis to open inverted commas/brackets

7. [encabezar] [lista] to head;
[manifestación, desfile] to lead
8. [mentalidad] to open;

viajar le ha abierto la mente travelling has opened her mind o made her more open-minded

9. [posibilidades] to open up;

el acuerdo abre una nueva época de co-operación the agreement paves the way for a new era of co-operation;

la empresa intenta abrir nuevos mercados en el exterior the company is trying to open up new markets abroad

10. [comenzar] to open;

el discurso del Presidente abrió el congreso the President's speech opened the congress;

abrió su participación en el torneo con una derrota she opened o started the tournament with a defeat

11.
abrir fuego (sobre o [m5] contra) [disparar] to open fire (on)

12. también Fig
abrir paso o [m5] camino to clear the way;

su dimisión abre paso a una nueva generación his resignation clears the way for a new generation

13. Dep
abrir el juego to play a more open o expansive game

14. Fam [operar]
tuvieron que abrir al paciente para sacarle la bala they had to cut the patient open to remove the bullet

15. Col, Cuba [desbrozar] to clear

♦ vi

1. [en general] to open;

la tienda abre a las nueve the shop opens at nine (o'clock);

abrimos también los domingos [en letrero] also open on Sundays

2. [abrir la puerta] to open the door;

abre, que corra un poco el aire open the door and let a bit of air in here;

¡abra, policía! open up, it's the police!

3. [en juego de cartas] to open;

me toca abrir a mí it's my lead

4. Fam [en operación]
será una intervención sencilla, no hará falta abrir it's a straightforward procedure, we won't need to cut her open

♦ See also the pronominal verb abrirse

* * *

abrir

< abierto>

I v/t

1 open; nuevos mercados open (up);

abrir los ojos open one’s eyes;

abrir al tráfico open to traffic;

abrir camino fig pave the way;

le abrió el apetito it gave him an appetite

2 túnel dig

3 grifo turn on

II v/i de persona open up; de ventana, puerta open (a onto);

a medio abrir half-open;

en un abrir y cerrar de ojos in the twinkling of an eye

* * *

abrir {2} vt

1) : to open

2) : to unlock, to undo

3) : to turn on (a tap or faucet)

abrir vi

: to open, to open up

♦ See also the reflexive verb abrirse

* * *

abrir vb

1. (en general) to open

abre los ojos open your eyes

¿a qué hora abren los bancos? what time do the banks open?

2. (grifo, gas) to turn on

abre el grifo turn the tap on

Spanish-English dictionary > abrir
8 intrusion

[ɪn'truːʒən]
n

( of person) wtargnięcie nt; ( of outside influences) wpływ m

* * *

[-ʒən]

noun ((an) act of intruding: Please forgive this intrusion.) narzucanie się

English-Polish dictionary > intrusion
9 heteronomie

n. heteronomy, theory that the will is subject to outside influences (Philosophy); quality of having different laws of growth (Biology); quality of being subject of the laws of another

Holandés-inglés dicionario > heteronomie
10 extérieur

extérieur, e [εksteʀjœʀ]

1. adjective

   a. (à un lieu) [bruit, paroi, escalier, collaborateur] outside ; [quartier, cour, boulevard] outer ; [décoration] exterior

• apparence extérieure [de personne] outward appearance ; [de maison] outside

   b. (à l'individu) [monde, influences, activité, intérêt] outside

   c. ( = étranger) external ; [commerce, politique, nouvelles] foreign

2. masculine noun

   a. [d'objet, maison] outside, exterior ; [de piste, circuit] outside

► à l'extérieur ( = au dehors) outside

• travailler à l'extérieur (hors de chez soi) to work outside the home

• téléphoner à l'extérieur to make an outside call

• jouer à l'extérieur to play an away match

• c'est à l'extérieur (de la ville) it's outside (the town)► de l'extérieur

• juger qch de l'extérieur (en tant que profane) to judge sth from the outside

   b. l'extérieur the outside world ; ( = pays étrangers) foreign countries

   c. (Cinema) outdoor shot

• tourner en extérieur to shoot outdoors

* * *

1.

extérieure ɛksteʀjœʀ adjectif

1) gén outside

2) ( périphérique) [couche, mur] outer

3) ( étranger) [commerce, relations, aide] foreign

4) ( apparent) [joie, calme] outward

aspect extérieur — ( de personne) outward appearance; ( de bâtiment) outside

2.

nom masculin

1) gén outside

à l'extérieur — outside, outdoors

à l'extérieur de quelque chose — outside something

d'extérieur — outdoor (épith)

2) ( monde autour de soi) outside world

3) ( étranger) foreign countries (+ v pl)

4) ( apparence) exterior, appearance

5) Cinéma

les extérieurs — outdoor location shots

en extérieur — on location

* * *
ɛksteʀjœʀ extérieur, -e
1. adj

1) (= au dehors) (surface, partie) outer, outside, (mur, escalier) outside, external, (w.-c.) outside

2) (commerce, politique) foreign

3) (influences, pressions) external

4) (calme, gaieté) (= apparent) outer

2. nm

1) [maison, récipient] outside

à l'extérieur (= dehors) — outside

Les toilettes sont à l'extérieur. — The toilet is outside.

2) (d'un pays, d'un groupe social)

l'extérieur — the outside world

à l'extérieur (= à l'étranger) — abroad

3) (= apparence) [personne] exterior

4) CINÉMA

en extérieur — on location

* * *

extérieur, extérieure

A adj

1 ( hors d'un lieu) [mur, escalier, température] outside; [crépi, menuiserie] external; [surface, poche] outer; [intérêts, activités] outside; [angle] external; ( périphérique) [mur, boulevard] outer; le côté extérieur, la partie extérieure the outside; échelle destinée à l'usage extérieur ladder for outdoor use; les abords extérieurs the surrounding area; les quartiers extérieurs the outlying districts;

2 ( hors de l'être) [réalité] external; [monde] external, outside;

3 ( étranger) Écon, Pol [commerce, déficit, relations] external, foreign; [politique] foreign;

4 ( d'ailleurs) [personne, organisme, fonds] outside, from outside ( après n); [cause, contrôle, pression] external, outside; [intervention, recrutement] outside; faire appel à des compétences extérieures to call in outside help; personne extérieure à un groupe ( d'ailleurs) person from outside a group; ( étrangère à) person who does not belong to a group; les pays extérieurs à la CEE non-EEC countries;

5 ( apparent) [signe] outward; [joie, calme] apparent, outward; signe extérieur de réussite outward sign of success; afficher un calme extérieur to be outwardly calm; leur indifférence est tout extérieure their indifference is only a front; aspect extérieur ( de personne) outward appearance; ( de bâtiment) outside;

6 ( sans rapport avec) extérieur à qch unrelated to sth, outside sth; question extérieure au sujet question not related to the subject;

7 Sport [match, victoire] away ( épith).

B nm

1 (de boîte, maison, ville, pays) outside; peindre l'extérieur to paint the outside; de l'extérieur [fermé, vu, juger, observer] from the outside; les gens de l'extérieur ( loin du lieu dit) people from other places; ( hors d'un organisme) outsiders; à l'extérieur outside, outdoors; rouge à l'extérieur red on the outside; à l'extérieur de la maison outside the house; rester à l'extérieur d'un conflit to remain outside a conflict; jeu/plante d'extérieur outdoor game/plant;

2 ( étranger) relations/échanges avec l'extérieur foreign ou external relations/trade; notre image à l'extérieur our image abroad;

3 ( monde autour de soi) outside world; s'ouvrir sur or vers l'extérieur to open up to the outside world; nouvelles de l'extérieur news from the outside world;

4 ( apparence) exterior, appearance; un extérieur rude a gruff exterior; de l'extérieur, elle n'est pas avenante at first sight, she doesn't seem very friendly;

5 Cin outdoor location shots; en extérieur on location;

6 Sport match joué à l'extérieur away match; jouer/gagner à l'extérieur to play/win an away match, to play/win away;

7 ( qui ne fait pas partie d'un groupe) outsider; ( d'un club) nonmember.

( féminin extérieure) [ɛksterjɶr] adjectif

1. [escalier, bruit] outside

[cour, poche, mur, orbite, bord] outer

[porte] external, outer

les bruits extérieurs la gênent outside noises ou noises from outside distract her

avoir des activités extérieures

a. [hors du foyer] to have interests outside the home

b. [hors du travail] to have interests outside of work

2. [excentré - quartier] outlying, out-of-town (US)

3. [non subjectif - monde, réalité] external

4. [étranger à la personne, la chose considérée - influence, aide] outside, external

extérieur à outside (of)

personnes extérieures à l'entreprise persons not belonging to the staff

5. [apparent] external, surface (modificateur), outward

l'aspect extérieur

a. [d'un édifice, d'un objet] the outward appearance

b. [d'une personne] the exterior

6. (péjoratif) [superficiel] superficial, surface (modificateur), token (modificateur)

7. ÉCONOMIE & POLITIQUE [dette, politique] foreign, external

8. GÉOMÉTRIE exterior

9. TÉLÉCOMMUNICATIONS outside

————————

nom masculin

1. l'extérieur [le plein air] the outside ou outdoors

2. [à une personne]

l'extérieur the outside (world)

être tourné vers l'extérieur to be outgoing

l'extérieur ÉCONOMIE & POLITIQUE abroad

3. [bord]

l'extérieur de: l'extérieur de la chaussée the outside (of the road)

4. [apparence] outward appearance, exterior

5. SPORT

l'extérieur [d'une piste, d'un circuit] the outside

6. CINÉMA location shot

extérieurs tournés à Rueil shot on location in Rueil

————————

à l'extérieur locution adverbiale

1. [en plein air] outside, outdoors

manger à l'extérieur

a. [en plein air] to eat outside ou outdoors

b. [hors de chez soi] to eat out

2. [hors du système, du groupe] outside

3. SPORT [sur une piste] on the outside

[dans une autre ville] away

match joué à l'extérieur away match

4. ÉCONOMIE & POLITIQUE abroad

5. TÉLÉCOMMUNICATIONS outside

téléphoner à l'extérieur to make an outside call

————————

à l'extérieur de locution prépositionnelle

outside (of)

à l'extérieur de l'Afrique outside Africa

————————

de l'extérieur locution adverbiale

1. [dans l'espace] from (the) outside

2. [dans un système] from the outside

considérer un problème de l'extérieur to look at a problem from the outside

des gens venus de l'extérieur outsiders

Dictionnaire Français-Anglais > extérieur
11 buiten

buiten¹

〈 het〉

1 country place ⇒ countryhouse

————————

buiten²

〈 bijwoord〉

1 outside ⇒ out, outdoors

♦voorbeelden:

1   een dagje buiten • a day in the country

     daar wil ik buiten blijven • 〈 figuurlijk〉 I want to stay out of that

     hij woont buiten • he lives in the country

     naar buiten gaan • 〈 buitenshuis〉 go outside/outdoors; 〈 naar het platteland, de stad uit〉 go into the country/out of town; 〈 scheepvaart〉 put to sea

     naar buiten brengen • take out 〈 voorwerp〉; lead/show out 〈 persoon〉

     naar buiten opengaan • open outwards

     hij ging zijn bevoegdheid te buiten • he exceeded his authority

     zich te buiten gaan (aan) • overindulge (in)

     zich aan eten/drinken/roken te buiten gaan • eat/drink/smoke to excess

     van buiten • from/on the outside

     van buiten komen • 〈 van het platteland〉 come from the country; 〈 van buiten naar binnen〉 come from outside

     hulp/invloeden van buiten • outside help/influences

     een gedicht van buiten leren/kennen • learn/know a poem by heart

————————

buiten³

〈 voorzetsel〉

1 [uit] outside ⇒ beyond

2 [niet betrokken bij] out of

3 [behalve] except (for)

4 [zonder] without

♦voorbeelden:

1   buiten het bereik van • out of reach of

     buiten gevaar • out of danger

     hij was buiten zichzelf van angst/woede • he was beside himself with fear/anger

2   iets buiten beschouwing laten • leave something aside

     iemand buiten gevecht stellen • put someone out of action

     buiten werking/gebruik • out of order/use

     er buiten blijven • stay out of it

     zich ergens buiten houden • stay out of something

     hij staat buiten alles • 〈 neemt nergens deel aan〉 he is always on the outside; 〈 is er niet bij betrokken〉 he's not involved

3   buiten hem bestaat niets voor haar • nothing exists for her except him

4   buiten kijf • beyond dispute

     't is buiten mijn medeweten gebeurd • it happened without my knowledge

     ik kan er niet/moeilijk buiten • I cannot do without it

     hij heeft de zaak buiten mij om beslist • he decided the matter without (consulting) me

Van Dale Handwoordenboek Nederlands-Engels > buiten
12 БИБЛИОГРАФИЯ

Мы приняли следующие сокращения для наиболее часто упоминаемых книг и журналов:

IJP - International Journal of Psycho-analysis

JAPA - Journal of the American Psychoanalytic Association

SE - Standard Edition of the Complete Psychological Works of Sigmund Freud, ed. James Strachey (London: Hogarth Press and the Institute of Psycho-Analysis, 1953—74.)

PSOC - Psychoanalytic Study of the Child (New Haven: Yale University Press)

PQ - Psychoanalytic Quarterly

WAF - The Writings of Anna Freud, ed. Anna Freud (New York: International Universities Press, 1966—74)

PMC - Psychoanalysis The Major Concepts ed. Burness E. Moore and Bernard D. Fine (New Haven: Yale University Press)

\

О словаре: _about - Psychoanalytic Terms and Concepts

\

1. Abend, S. M. Identity. PMC. Forthcoming.

2. Abend, S. M. (1974) Problems of identity. PQ, 43.

3. Abend, S. M., Porder, M. S. & Willick, M. S. (1983) Borderline Patients. New York: Int. Univ. Press.

4. Abraham, K. (1916) The first pregenital stage of libido. Selected Papers. London, Hogarth Press, 1948.

5. Abraham, K. (1917) Ejaculatio praecox. In: selected Papers. New York Basic Books.

6. Abraham, K. (1921) Contributions to the theory of the anal character. Selected Papers. New York: Basic Books, 1953.

7. Abraham, K. (1924) A Short study of the development of the libido, viewed in the light of mental disorders. In: Selected Papers. London: Hogarth Press, 1927.

8. Abraham, K. (1924) Manic-depressive states and the pre-genital levels of the libido. In: Selected Papers. London: Hogarth Press, 1949.

9. Abraham, K. (1924) Selected Papers. London: Hogarth Press, 1948.

10. Abraham, K. (1924) The influence of oral erotism on character formation. Ibid.

11. Abraham, K. (1925) The history of an impostor in the light of psychoanalytic knowledge. In: Clinical Papers and Essays on Psychoanalysis. New York: Basic Books, 1955, vol. 2.

12. Abrams, S. (1971) The psychoanalytic unconsciousness. In: The Unconscious Today, ed. M. Kanzer. New York: Int. Univ. Press.

13. Abrams, S. (1981) Insight. PSOC, 36.

14. Abse, D W. (1985) The depressive character In Depressive States and their Treatment, ed. V. Volkan New York: Jason Aronson.

15. Abse, D. W. (1985) Hysteria and Related Mental Disorders. Bristol: John Wright.

16. Ackner, B. (1954) Depersonalization. J. Ment. Sci., 100.

17. Adler, A. (1924) Individual Psychology. New York: Harcourt, Brace.

18. Akhtar, S. (1984) The syndrome of identity diffusion. Amer. J. Psychiat., 141.

19. Alexander, F. (1950) Psychosomatic Medicine. New York: Norton.

20. Allen, D. W. (1974) The Feat- of Looking. Charlottesvill, Va: Univ. Press of Virginia.

21. Allen, D. W. (1980) Psychoanalytic treatment of the exhibitionist. In: Exhibitionist, Description, Assessment, and Treatment, ed. D. Cox. New York: Garland STPM Press.

22. Allport, G. (1937) Personality. New York: Henry Holt.

23. Almansi, R. J. (1960) The face-breast equation. JAPA, 6.

24. Almansi, R. J. (1979) Scopophilia and object loss. PQ, 47.

25. Altman, L. Z. (1969) The Dream in Psychoanalysis. New York: Int. Univ. Press.

26. Altman, L. Z. (1977) Some vicissitudes of love. JAPA, 25.

27. American Psychiatric Association. (1987) Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 3d ed. revised. Washington, D. C.

28. Ansbacher, Z. & Ansbacher, R. (1956) The Individual Psychology of Alfred Adler. New York: Basic Books.

29. Anthony, E. J. (1981) Shame, guilt, and the feminine self in psychoanalysis. In: Object and Self, ed. S. Tuttman, C. Kaye & M. Zimmerman. New York: Int. Univ. Press.

30. Arlow. J. A. (1953) Masturbation and symptom formation. JAPA, 1.

31. Arlow. J. A. (1959) The structure of the deja vu experience. JAPA, 7.

32. Arlow. J. A. (1961) Ego psychology and the study of mythology. JAPA, 9.

33. Arlow. J. A. (1963) Conflict, regression and symptom formation. IJP, 44.

34. Arlow. J. A. (1966) Depersonalization and derealization. In: Psychoanalysis: A General Psychology, ed. R. M. Loewenstein, L. M. Newman, M. Schur & A. J. Solnit. New York: Int. Univ. Press.

35. Arlow. J. A. (1969) Fantasy, memory and reality testing. PQ, 38.

36. Arlow. J. A. (1969) Unconscious fantasy and disturbances of mental experience. PQ, 38.

37. Arlow. J. A. (1970) The psychopathology of the psychoses. IJP, 51.

38. Arlow. J. A. (1975) The structural hypothesis. PQ, 44.

39. Arlow. J. A. (1977) Affects and the psychoanalytic situation. IJP, 58.

40. Arlow. J. A. (1979) Metaphor and the psychoanalytic situation. PQ, 48.

41. Arlow. J. A. (1979) The genesis of interpretation. JAPA, 27 (suppl.).

42. Arlow. J. A. (1982) Problems of the superego concept. PSOC, 37.

43. Arlow. J. A. (1984) Disturbances of the sense of time. PQ, 53.

44. Arlow. J. A. (1985) Some technical problems of countertransference. PQ, 54.

45. Arlow, J. A. & Brenner, C. (1963) Psychoanalytic Concepts and the Structural Theory, New York: Int. Univ. Press.

46. Arlow, J. A. & Brenner, C. (1969) The psychopathology of the psychoses. IJP, 50.

47. Asch, S. S. (1966) Depression. PSOC, 21.

48. Asch, S. S. (1976) Varieties of negative therapeutic reactions and problems of technique. JAPA, 24.

49. Atkins, N. (1970) The Oedipus myth. Adolescence, and the succession of generations. JAPA, 18.

50. Atkinson, J. W. & Birch, D. (1970) The Dynamics of Action. New York: Wiley.

51. Bachrach, H. M. & Leaff, L. A. (1978) Analyzability. JAPA, 26.

52. Bacon, C. (1956) A developmental theory of female homosexuality. In: Perversions,ed, S. Lorand & M. Balint. New York: Gramercy.

53. Bak, R. C. (1953) Fetishism. JAPA. 1.

54. Bak, R. C. (1968) The phallic woman. PSOC, 23.

55. Bak, R. C. & Stewart, W. A. (1974) Fetishism, transvestism, and voyeurism. An American Handbook of Psychiatry, ed. S. Arieti. New York: Basic Books, vol. 3.

56. Balint, A. (1949) Love for mother and mother-love. IJP, 30.

57. Balter, L., Lothane, Z. & Spencer, J. H. (1980) On the analyzing instrument, PQ, 49.

58. Basch, M. F. (1973) Psychoanalysis and theory formation. Ann. Psychoanal., 1.

59. Basch, M. F. (1976) The concept of affect. JAPA, 24.

60. Basch, M. F. (1981) Selfobject disorders and psychoanalytic theory. JAPA, 29.

61. Basch, M. F. (1983) Emphatic understanding. JAPA. 31.

62. Balldry, F. Character. PMC. Forthcoming.

63. Balldry, F. (1983) The evolution of the concept of character in Freud's writings. JAPA. 31.

64. Begelman, D. A. (1971) Misnaming, metaphors, the medical model and some muddles. Psychiatry, 34.

65. Behrends, R. S. & Blatt, E. J. (1985) Internalization and psychological development throughout the life cycle. PSOC, 40.

66. Bell, A. (1961) Some observations on the role of the scrotal sac and testicles JAPA, 9.

67. Benedeck, T. (1949) The psychosomatic implications of the primary unit. Amer. J. Orthopsychiat., 19.

68. Beres, C. (1958) Vicissitudes of superego functions and superego precursors in childhood. FSOC, 13.

69. Beres, D. Conflict. PMC. Forthcoming.

70. Beres, D. (1956) Ego deviation and the concept of schizophrenia. PSOC, 11.

71. Beres, D. (1960) Perception, imagination and reality. IJP, 41.

72. Beres, D. (1960) The psychoanalytic psychology of imagination. JAPA, 8.

73. Beres, D. & Joseph, E. D. (1965) Structure and function in psychoanalysis. IJP, 46.

74. Beres, D. (1970) The concept of mental representation in psychoanalysis. IJP, 51.

75. Berg, M D. (1977) The externalizing transference. IJP, 58.

76. Bergeret, J. (1985) Reflection on the scientific responsi bilities of the International Psychoanalytical Association. Memorandum distributed at 34th IPA Congress, Humburg.

77. Bergman, A. (1978) From mother to the world outside. In: Grolnick et. al. (1978).

78. Bergmann, M. S. (1980) On the intrapsychic function of falling in love. PQ, 49.

79. Berliner, B. (1966) Psychodynamics of the depressive character. Psychoanal. Forum, 1.

80. Bernfeld, S. (1931) Zur Sublimierungslehre. Imago, 17.

81. Bibring, E. (1937) On the theory of the therapeutic results of psychoanalysis. IJP, 18.

82. Bibring, E. (1941) The conception of the repetition compulsion. PQ, 12.

83. Bibring, E. (1953) The mechanism of depression. In: Affective Disorders, ed. P. Greenacre. New York: Int. Univ. Press.

84. Bibring, E. (1954) Psychoanalysis and the dynamic psychotherapies. JAPA, 2.

85. Binswanger, H. (1963) Positive aspects of the animus. Zьrich: Spring.

86. Bion Francesca Abingdon: Fleetwood Press.

87. Bion, W. R. (1952) Croup dynamics. IJP, 33.

88. Bion, W. R. (1961) Experiences in Groups. London: Tavistock.

89. Bion, W. R. (1962) A theory of thinking. IJP, 40.

90. Bion, W. R. (1962) Learning from Experience. London: William Heinemann.

91. Bion, W. R. (1963) Elements of Psychoanalysis. London: William Heinemann.

92. Bion, W. R. (1965) Transformations. London: William Heinemann.

93. Bion, W. R. (1970) Attention and Interpretation. London: Tavistock.

94. Bion, W. R. (1985) All My Sins Remembered, ed. Francesca Bion. Adingdon: Fleetwood Press.

95. Bird, B. (1972) Notes on transference. JAPA, 20.

96. Blanck, G. & Blanck, R. (1974) Ego Psychology. New York: Columbia Univ. Press.

97. Blatt, S. J. (1974) Levels of object representation in anaclitic and introjective depression. PSOC, 29.

98. Blau, A. (1955) A unitary hypothesis of emotion. PQ, 24.

99. Bleuler, E. (1911) Dementia Praecox or the Group of Schizophrenias. New York: Int. Univ. Press, 1951.

100. Blos, P. (1954) Prolonged adolescence. Amer. J. Orthopsychiat., 24.

101. Blos, P. (1962) On Adolescence. New York: Free Press.

102. Blos, P. (1972) The epigenesia of the adult neurosis. 27.

103. Blos, P. (1979) Modification in the traditional psychoanalytic theory of adolescent development. Adolescent Psychiat., 8.

104. Blos, P. (1984) Son and father. JAPA_. 32.

105. Blum, G. S. (1963) Prepuberty and adolescence, In Studies ed. R. E. Grinder. New York: McMillan.

106. Blum, H. P. Symbolism. FMC. Forthcoming.

107. Blum, H. P. (1976) Female Psychology. JAPA, 24 (suppl.).

108. Blum, H. P. (1976) Masochism, the ego ideal and the psychology of women. JAPA, 24 (suppl.).

109. Blum, H. P. (1980) The value of reconstruction in adult psychoanalysis. IJP, 61.

110. Blum, H. P. (1981) Forbidden quest and the analytic ideal. PQ, 50.

111. Blum, H. P. (1983) Defense and resistance. Foreword. JAFA, 31.

112. Blum, H. P., Kramer, Y., Richards, A. K. & Richards, A. D., eds. (1988) Fantasy, Myth and Reality: Essays in Honor of Jacob A. Arlow. Madison, Conn.: Int. Univ. Press.

113. Boehm, F. (1930) The femininity-complex In men. IJP,11.

114. Boesky, D. Structural theory. PMC. Forthcoming.

115. Boesky, D. (1973) Deja raconte as a screen defense. PQ, 42.

116. Boesky, D. (1982) Acting out. IJP, 63.

117. Boesky, D. (1986) Questions about Sublimation In Psychoanalysis the Science of Mental Conflict, ed. A. D. Richards & M. S. Willick. Hillsdale, N. J.: Analytic Press.

118. Bornstein, B. (1935) Phobia in a 2 1/2-year-old child. PQ, 4.

119. Bornstein, B. (1951) On latency. PSOC, 6.

120. Bornstein, M., ed. (1983) Values and neutrality in psychoanalysis. Psychoanal. Inquiry, 3.

121. Bowlby, J. (1960) Grief and morning in infancy and early childhood. PSOC. 15.

122. Bowlby, J. (1961) Process of mourning. IJP. 42.

123. Bowlby, J. (1980) Attachment and Loss, vol. 3. New York: Basic Books.

124. Bradlow, P. A. (1973) Depersonalization, ego splitting, non-human fantasy and shame. IJP, 54.

125. Brazelton, T. B., Kozlowsky, B. & Main, M. (1974) The early motherinfant interaction. In: The Effect of the Infant on Its Caregiver, ed. M. Lewis & L. Rosenblum New York Wiley.

126. Brenner, C. (1957) The nature and development of the concept of repression in Freud's writings. PSOC, 12.

127. Brenner, C. (1959) The masochistic character. JAPA, 7.

128. Brenner, C. (1973) An Elementary Textbook of Psycho-analysis. New York Int. Univ. Press.

129. Brenner, C. (1974) On the nature and development of affects PQ, 43.

130. Brenner, C. (1976) Psychoanalytic Technique and Psychic Conflict. New York: Int. Univ. Press.

131. Brenner, C. (1979) The Mind in Conflict. New York: Int. Univ. Press.

132. Brenner, C. (1979) Working alliance, therapeutic alliance and transference. JAPA, 27.

133. Brenner, C. (1981) Defense and defense mechanisms. PQ, 50.

134. Brenner, C. (1983) Defense. In: the Mind in Conflict. New York Int. Univ. Press.

135. Bressler, B. (1965) The concept of the self. Psychoanalytic Review, 52.

136. Breuer, J. & Freud, S. (1983—95) Studies on Hysteria. SE, 3.

137. Breznitz, S., ed. (1983) The Denial of Stress. New York: Int. Univ. Press.

138. Brody, S. (1964) Passivity. New York: Int. Univ. Press.

139. Brown, H. (1970) Psycholinquistics. New York: Free Press.

140. Bruner, J. S. (1964) The course of cognitive growth. Amer. Psychologist. 19.

141. Bruner, J., Jolly, A. & Sylva, K. (1976) Play. New York Basic Books.

142. Bruner, J. E., Olver, R. R. &Greenfield, P. M. (1966) Studies in Cognitive Growth. New York: Wiley.

143. Buie, D H. (1981) Empathy. JAPA, 29.

144. Burgner, M. & Edgeumble, R. (1972) Some problems in the conceptualization of early object relationships. PSOC, 27.

145. Call, J. ed. (1979) Basic Handbook of Child Psychiatry. New York: Basic Books.

146. Carroll, G. (1956) Language, Thought and Reality. Cambridge & London: M. I. T. Press & John Wiley.

147. Cavenar, J. O. & Nash, J. L. (1976) The effects of Combat on the normal personality. Comprehensive Psychiat., 17.

148. Chassequet-Smirgel, J. (1978) Reflections on the connection between perversion and sadism. IJP, 59.

149. Chomsky, N. (1978) Language and unconscious knowledge. In: Psychoanalysis and Language, ed. J. H. Smith. New Haven: Yale Univ. Press, vol. 3.

150. Clower, V. (1975) Significance of masturbation in female sexual development and function. In: Masturbation from Infancy to Senescence, ed. I. Marcus & J. Francis. New York: Int. Uni" Press.

151. Coen, S. J. & Bradlow, P. A. (1982) Twin transference as a compromise formation. JAPA, 30.

152. Compton, A. Object and relationships. PMC. Forthcoming.

153. Cullen, W. (1777) First Lines of the Practice of Psysic. Edinburgh: Bell, Brandfute.

154. Curtis, B. C. (1969) Psychoanalytic understanding and treatment of impotence. In: Sexual Function and Dysfunction, ed. P. J. Fink & V. B. O. Hummett. Philadelphia: F. A. Davis.

155. Darwin, C. (1874) The Descent of Man. New York: Hurst.

156. Davidoff-Hirsch, H. (1985) Oedipal and preoedipal phenomena. JAPA, 33.

157. Davis, M. & Wallbridge, D. (1981) Boundary and Space. New York: Brunner-Mazel.

158. Deutsch, H. (1932) Homosexuality in women. PQ, 1.

159. Deutsch, H. (1934) Some forms of emotional disturbance and their relationship to schizophrenia. PQ, 11.

160. Deutsch, H. (1937) Absence of grief. PQ, 6.

161. Deutsch, H. (1942) Some forms of emotional disturbance and their relationship to schizophrenia. PQ, 11.

162. Deutsch, H. (1955) The impostor. In: Neuroses and Character Types. New York: Int. Univ. Press, 1965.

163. Devereux, G. (1953) Why Oedipus killed Lains. IJP, 34.

164. Dewald, P. (1982) Psychoanalytic perspectives On resistance. In: resistance, Psychodynamics. and Behavioral Approaches, ed. P. Wachtel. New York: Plenum Press.

165. Dickes, R. (1963) Fetishistic behavior. JAPA. 11.

166. Dickes, R. (1965) The defensive function of an altered state of consciousness. JAPA, 13.

167. Dickes, R. (1967) Severe regressive disruption of the therapeutic alliance. JAPA, 15.

168. Dickes, R. (1981) Sexual myths and misinformation. In: Understanding Human Behaviour in Health and Illness, ed. R. C. Simon & H. Pardes. Baltimore: Williams & Wilkins.

169. Dorpat, T. L. (1985) Denial and Defense in the Therapeutic Situation. New York: Jason Aronson.

170. Downey, T. W. (1978) Transitional phenomena in the analysis of early adolescent males. PSOC, 33.

171. Dunbar, F. (1954) Emotions and Bodily Functions. New York: Columbia Univ. Press.

172. Easson, W. M. (1973) The earliest ego development, primitive memory traces, and the Isakower phenomenon. PQ, 42.

173. Edelheit, H. (1971) Mythopoiesis and the primal scene. Psychoanal. Study Society, 5.

174. Edgcumbe, R. & Burgner, M. (1972) Some problems in the conceptualization of early object relation ships, part I. PSOC, 27.

175. Edgcumbe, R. & Burgner, M. (1975) The phallicnarcissistic phase. PSOC, 30.

176. Eidelberg, L. (1960) A third contribution to the study of slips of the tongue. IJP, 41.

177. Eidelberg, L. (1968) Encyclopedia of Psychoanalysis. New York: The Free Press; London: Collier-MacMillan.

178. Eissler, K. R. (1953) The effect of the structure of the ego on psychoanalytic technique. JAPA, 1.

179. Ellenberg, H. F. (1970) The Discovery of the Unconscious. New York: Basic Books.

180. Emde, R. N. (1980) Toward a psychoanalytic theory of affect: I. & G. H. Pollock. Washington NYMH.

181. Emde R., Gaensbaner, T. & Harmon R. (1976) Emotional Expression in Infancy. New York: Int. Univ. Press.

182. Erode R. & Harmon, R. J. (1972) Endogenous and exogenous smiling systems in early infancy. J. Amer. Acad. Child Psychiat., 11.

183. Engel, G. L. (1962) Psychological Development in Health and Disease. New York Saunders.

184. Engel, G. L. (1967) Psychoanalytic theory of somatic disorder. JAPA, 15.

185. Engel, G. L. (1968) A reconsideration of the role of conversion in somatic disease. Compr. Psychiat., 94.

186. English, H. B. & English, A. C. (1958) A comprehensive Dictionary of Psychological and Psychoanalytical Terms. New York: David McKay.

187. Erard, R. (1983) New wine in old skins. Int. Rev. Psychoanal., 10.

188. Erdelyi, M. H. (1985) Psychoanalysis. New York: W. H. Freeman.

189. Erikson, E. H. (1950) Childhood and Society. New York: Norton.

190. Erikson, E. H. (1956) The concept of ego identity. JAPA, 4.

191. Erikson, E. H. (1956) The problem of ego identity. JAPA, 4.

192. Esman, A. H. (1973) The primal scene. PSOC, 28.

193. Esman, A. H. (1975) The Psychology of Adolescence. New York: Int. Univ. Press.

194. Esman, A. H. (1979) Some reflections on boredom. JAPA, 27.

195. Esman, A. H. (1983) The "stimulus barrier": a review and reconsideration. PSOC, 38.

196. Fairbairn, W. R. D. (1952) Psychoanalytic Studies of the Personality. London: Routledge & Kegan Paul.

197. Fairbairn, W. R. D. (1954) An Object-Relations Theory of the Personality. New York: Basic Books.

198. Fairbairn, W. R. D. (1963) Synopsis of an Object-Relations theory of the personality. IJP, 44.

199. Fawcett, J., Clark, D. C., Scheftner, W. H. & Hedecker, D. (1983) Differences between anhedonia and normal hedonic depressive states. Arch. Gen. Psychiat., 40.

200. Fenichel, O. (1934) On the psychology of boredom. Collected Papers. New York: Norton, 1953, vol. 1.

201. Fenichel, O. (1941) Problems of Psychoanalytic Technique. Albany, N. Y.: Psychoanalytic Quaterly.

202. Fenichel, O. (1945) Character disorders. In: The Psychoanalytic Theory of the Neurosis. New York: Norton.

203. Fenichel, O. (1945) The Psychoanalytic Theory of Neurosis New York: Norton.

204. Fenichel, O. (1954) Ego strength and ego weakness. Collected Papers. New York: Norton, vol. 2.

205. Ferenczi, S. (1909) Introjection and transference. In: Sex in Psychoanalysis. New York: Basic Books.

206. Ferenczi, S. (191617) Disease or patho-neurosis. The Theory and Technique of Psychoanalysis. London: Hogarth Press, 1950.

207. Ferenczi, S. (1925) Psychoanalysis of sexual habits. In: The Theory and Technique of Psychoanalysis. New York: Basic Books.

208. Fine, B. D., Joseph, E. D. & Waldhorn, H. F., eds. (1971) Recollection and Reconstruction in Psychoanalysis. Monograph 4, Kris Study Group. New York: Int. Univ. Press.

209. Fink, G. (1967) Analysis of the Isakower phenomenon. JAPA, 15.

210. Fink, P. J. (1970) Correlation between "actual" neurosis and the work of Masters and Johson. P. Q, 39.

211. Finkenstein, L. (1975) Awe premature ejaculation. P. Q, 44.

212. Firestein, S. K. (1978) A review of the literature. In: Termination in Psychoanalysis. New York: Int. Univ. Press.

213. Fisher, C. et. al. (1957) A study of the preliminary stages of the construction of dreams and images. JAPA, 5.

214. Fisher, C. et. al. (1968) Cycle of penile erection synchronous with dreaming (REM) sleep. Arch. Gen. Psychiat., 12.

215. Fliess, R. (1942) The metapsychology of the analyst. PQ, 12.

216. Fliess, R. (1953) The Revival of Interest in the Dream. New York: Int. Univ. Press.

217. Fodor, N. & Gaynor, F. (1950) Freud: Dictionary of Psycho-analysis. New York: Philosophical Library.

218. Fordham, M. (1969) Children as Individuals. London: Hodder & Stoughton.

219. Fordham, M. (1976) The Self and Autism. London: Academic Press.

220. Fraiberg, S. (1969) Object constancy and mental representation. PSOC, 24.

221. Frank, A. Metapsychology. PMS. Forthcoming.

222. Frank, A. & Muslin, H. (1967) The development of Freud's concept of primal repression. PSOC, 22.

223. Frank, H. (1977) Dynamic patterns for failure in college students. Can. Psychiat. Ass. J., 22.

224. French, T. & Fromm, E. (1964) Dream Interpretation. New York: Basic Books.

225. Freud, A. (1936) The Ego and the Mechanisms of Defense. New York Int. Univ. Press.

226. Freud, A. (1951) Observations on child development. PSOC, 6.

227. Freud, A. (1952) The mutual influences in the development of ego and id. WAF, 4.

228. Freud, A. (1958) Adolescence. WAF, 5.

229. Freud, A. (1962) Assessment of childhood disturbances. PSOC, 17.

230. Freud, A. (1962) Comments on psychic trauma. In: Furst (1967).

231. Freud, A. (1963) The concept of developmental lines. PSOC, 18.

232. Freud, A. (1965) Assessment of pathology, part 2. WAF, 6.

233. Freud, A. (1965) Normality and Pathology in Childhood. New York: Int. Univ. Press.

234. Freud, A. (1970) The infantile neurosis. WAF, 7.

235. Freud, A. (1971) Comments on aggression. IJP, 53.

236. Freud, A. (1971) The infantile neurosis. PSOC, 26.

237. Freud, A. (1981) Insight. PSOC, 36.

238. Freud, S. (1887—1902) Letters to Wilhelm Fliess. New York: Basic Books, 1954.

239. Freud, S. (1891) On the interpretation of the aphasias. SE, 3.

240. Freud, S. (1893—95) Studies on hysteria. SE, 2.

241. Freud, S. (1894) The neuropsychoses of defence. SE, 3.

242. Freud, S. (1895) On the ground for detaching a particular syndrome from neurasthenia under the description "anxiety neurosis". SE, 3.

243. Freud, S. (1895) Project for a scientific psychology. SE, 1.

244. Freud, S. (1896) Draft K, Jameary 1, 1896, Neuroses of defense (A Christmas fairytale). In: Extracts from the Fliess papers (1892—99).

245. Freud, S. (1896) Further remarks on the neuropsychosis of defense. SE, 3.

246. Freud, S. (1896) Heredity and aetiology of neurosis. SE, 3.

247. Freud, S. (1898) Sexuality in the aetiology of the neurosis. SE, 3.

248. Freud, S. (1899) Screen memories. SE, 3.

249. Freud, S. (1900) The interpretation of dreams. SE, 4—5.

250. Freud, S. (1901) Childhood memories and screen memories SE, 6.

251. Freud, S. (1901) On dreams. SE, 5.

252. Freud, S. (1901) The psychopathology of everyday life. SE, 6.

253. Freud, S. (1905) Fragments of an analysis of a case of hysteria. SE, 7.

254. Freud, S. (1905) Jokes and their relation to the unconscious. SE, 8.

255. Freud, S. (1905) Psysical (or mental) treatment. SE, 7.

256. Freud, S. (1905) Three essays on the theory of sexuality. SE. 7.

257. Freud, S. (1908) Character and anal erotism. SE, 9.

258. Freud, S. (1908) On the sexual theories of children. SE, 9.

259. Freud, S. (1908) Preface to Wilhelm Stekel's Nervous Anxiety-States and Their Treatment. SE, 9.

260. Freud, S. (1909) Analysis of a phobia in a five-year-old boy. SE, 10.

261. Freud, S. (1909) Family romances. SE, 9.

262. Freud, S. (1909) Notes upon a case of obsessional neurosis. SE, 10.

263. Freud, S. (1910) A special type of choice of object made by men. SE, 11.

264. Freud, S. (1910) The autithentical meaning of primal words. SE, 11.

265. Freud, S. (1910) The future prospects of psychoanalytic therapy. SE, 11.

266. Freud, S. (1910) The psychoanalytic view of psychogenic disturbance of vision. SE, 11.

267. Freud, S. (1911) Formulations on the two principles of mental functioning. SE, 12.

268. Freud, S. (1911) Notes on a case of paranoia. SE, 12.

269. Freud, S. (1911) Psychoanalytic notes on an autobiographical account of a case of paranoia. SE, 12.

270. Freud, S. (1911—15) Papers on technique. SE, 12.

271. Freud, S. (1912) Contribution to a discussion on masturbation. SE, 12.

272. Freud, S. (1912) On the universal tendency to abasement in the sphere of love. SE, 11.

273. Freud, S. (1912) The dynamics of transference. SE, 12.

274. Freud, S. (1913) Editor's note The disposition to obsessional neurosis. SE, 12.

275. Freud, S. (1913) On beginning the treatment. SE, 12.

276. Freud, S. (1913) Totem and taboo. SE, 13.

277. Freud, S. (1914) Fausse reconnaissance (deja reconte) in psychoanalytic treatment. SE, 13.

278. Freud, S. (1914) Mourning and melancholia. SE, 15.

279. Freud, S. (1914) Observations on transference love. SE, 12.

280. Freud, S. (1914) On narcissism. SE. 14.

281. Freud, S. (1914) On the history of the psychoanalytic movement. SE, 14.

282. Freud, S. (1914) Remembering, repeating, and working-through. SE, 12.

283. Freud, S. (1914—16) Some character types met with in psychoanalysis. (II) Those wrecked by success SE, 14.

284. Freud, S. (1915) Das UnbewuЯte. Gesammelte Werke, 10.

285. Freud, S. (1915) Instincts and their vicissitudes. SE, 14.

286. Freud, S. (1915) Observation on transference-love. SE, I2.

287. Freud, S. (1915) Repression. SE, 14.

288. Freud, S. (1915) The unconscious. SE, 14.

289. Freud, S. (1915—17) Introductory lectures on psychoanalysis. SE, 15 & 16.

290. Freud, S. (1916) Introductory lectures on psychoanalysis. SE, 16.

291. Freud, S. (1916) Some character types met with in psychoanalytic work. SE, 16.

292. Freud, S. (1917) A metapsychological supplement to the theory of dreams. SE, 14.

293. Freud, S. (1917) Introductory lectures on psychoanalysis. SE, 16.

294. Freud, S. (1917) Mourning and melancholia. SE, 14.

295. Freud, S. (1917) On transformations of instinct as exemplified in anal erotism. SE, 17.

296. Freud, S. (1918) From the history of an infantile neurosis. SE, 17.

297. Freud, S. (1919) "A child is being beaten". SE, 17.

298. Freud, S. (1919) Lines of advance in psychoanalytic therapy. SE, 17.

299. Freud, S. (1919) The uncanny. SE, 17.

300. Freud, S. (1920) Beyond the pleasure principle. SE, 18.

301. Freud, S. (1920) The Psychogenesis of a case of homosexuality in a woman. SE, 18.

302. Freud, S. (1921) Group psychology and the analysis of the ego. SE, 18.

303. Freud, S. (1923) The ego and the id. SE, 19.

304. Freud, S. (1923) The infantile genital organization. SE, 19.

305. Freud, S. (1924) A short account of psychoanalysis. SE, 19.

306. Freud, S. (1924) Neurosis and psychosis. SE, 19.

307. Freud, S. (1924) The dissolution of the Oedipus complex SE, 19.

308. Freud, S. (1924) The economic problem of masochism. SE, 19.

309. Freud, S. (1924) The loss of reality in neurosis and psychosis. SE, 19.

310. Freud, S. (1925) Negation. SE, 19.

311. Freud, S. (1925) Some psychical consequences of the anatomical distinction between the sexes. SE, 19.

312. Freud, S. (1926) Inhibitions, symptoms and anxiety. SE, 20.

313. Freud, S. (1926) The question of lay analysis. SE, 20.

314. Freud, S. (1927) Fetishism. SE, 21.

315. Freud, S. (1930) Civilization and its discontents. SE, 21.

316. Freud, S. (1931) Female sexuality. SE, 21.

317. Freud, S. (1931) Libidinal types. SE, 21.

318. Freud, S. (1933) Femininity. SE, 22,.

319. Freud, S. (1933) New introductory lectures on psycho-analysis. SE, 22.

320. Freud, S. (1933) The psychology of women. New introductory lectures on psychoanalysis. SE, 22.

321. Freud, S. (1936) A disturbance of memory on the Acropolis. SE, 22.

322. Freud, S. (1937) Analysis terminable and interminable. SE, 23.

323. Freud, S. (1937) Constructions in analysis. SE, 23.

324. Freud, S. (1938) An outline on psychoanalysis. SE, 23.

325. Freud, S. (1938) Splitting of the ego in the process of defense. SE, 23.

326. Freud, S. (1939) Moses and monotheism. SE, 23.

327. Freud, S. (1940) An outline of psychoanalysis. SE, 23.

328. Frosch, J. (1966) A note on reality constancy. In: Psychoanalysis — A General Psychology, ed. R. M. Loewenstein, L. M. Newman, M. Schur & A. J. Solnit. New York: Int. Univ. Press.

329. Frosch, J. (1967) Delusional fixity sense of conviction and the psychotic conflict. IJP, 48.

330. Frosch, J. (1977) The relation between acting out and disorders of impulse control. Psychiatry, 40.

331. Frosch, J. (1980) Neurosis and psychosis. In: The Course of Life, ed. S. J. Greenspan & G. H. Pollock. Washington, D. C.: National Institute of Health, vol. 3.

332. Frosch, J. (1983) The Psychotic Process. New York: Int. Univ. Press.

333. Furer, M. (1972) The history of the superego concept in psychoanalysis. In: Moral Value and the Superego concept in Psychoanalysis, ed. S. C. Fost. New York: Int. Univ. Press.

334. Furman, E. (1974) A Child s Parent Dies. New Heaven: Yale Univ. Press.

335. Furman, E. (1980) Transference and externalization. PSOC, 35.

336. Furst, S. Trauma. PMC, Forthcoming.

337. Furst, S. (1967) Psychic trauma. In: Psychic Trauma, ed. S. S. Furst. New York: Basic Books.

338. Furst, S. (1978) The stimulus barrier and the pathogenecity of trauma. IJP, 59.

339. Gaddini, R. (1978) Transitional object and the psychosomatic symptom. In: Grolnich et. al. (1978).

340. Galenson, E. & Roiphe, H. (1976) Some suggested revisions concerning early female development. JAPA, 24(5).

341. Galenson, E. & Roiphe, H. (1980) The preoedipal development of the boy. JAPA, 28.

342. Galenson, E. & Roiphe, H. (1981) Infantile Origins of Sexual Identity. New York: Int. Univ. Press.

343. Ganzarain, R. Group psychology. PMC. Forthcoming.

344. Ganzarain, R. (1980) Psychotic-like anxieties and primitive defenses. Issues on Ego Psychology, 3(2).

345. Ganzarain, R. (1988) A comparative study of Bion's concepts about groups. In: Object Relations Group Psychotherapy. Madison, Ct.: Int. Univ. Press.

346. Gediman, H. K. (1971) The concept of the stimulus barrier. IJP, 52.

347. Gedo, J. & Goldberg, A. (1973) Models of the Mind. Chicago & London: Univ. of Chicago Press.

348. Geerts, A. E. & Prechardt, E., reporters (1978) Colloquium on "trauma". IJP, 59.

349. Gero, G. (1943) The idea of psychogenesis in modern psychiatry and in psychoanalysis. Psychoanal. Rev., 30.

350. Gill. M. M. (1963) Topography and Systems in Psychoanalytic Theory. Psychol. Issues, Monogr. 10. New York: Int. Univ. Press.

351. Gill. M. M. (1967) The primary process in motives and thought. In: Motives and Thought, ed. R. R. Holt. New York: Int. Univ. Press.

352. Gill. M. M. (1974) Psychoanalysis and psychotherapy. Int. Rev. Psychoanal., 11.

353. Gill, M. M & Rapaport, D. (1942) A case of amnesia and its bearing on the theory of memory. Character and Personality, 11.

354. Gillespie, W. (1956) The general theory of Sexual perversion. IJP, 37.

355. Glenn, J. (in press) A parameter. In: Annu. Psychoanal.

356. Glenn, J. & Kaplan, E. H. (1968) Types of orgasm in women. JAPA, 16.

357. Glower, E. (1929) The "screening" function of traumatic memories. IJP, 4.

358. Glower, E. (1931) Sublimation, substitution, and social anxiety. IJP, 12.

359. Glower, E. (1933) The relation of perversion-formation to the development of reality sense. IJP, 14.

360. Glower, E. (1955) The terminal phase. In: The Technique of Psychoanalysis. New York: Int. Univ. Press.

361. Goldberg, A. (1975) The evolution of psychoanalytic concepts of depression. In: Depression and Human Existence, ed. E. J. Anthony & T. Benedeck. Boston: Little, Brown.

362. Goldberg, A. ed. (1978) The Psychology of the Self. New York: Int. Univ. Press.

363. Goldberg, A. (1983) Self psychology and alternate perspectives on internalization. In: Reflections on Self Psychology, ed. J. Lichtenberg & S. Kaplan. Hillsdale, N. J.: Analytic Press.

364. Green, A. (1978) Potential space in Psychoanalysis. In: Grolnich et. al. (1978).

365. Greenacre, P. (1949) A contribution to the study of screen memories. FSOC, 3/4.

366. Greenacre, P. (1950) General problems of acting out. PQ, 19.

367. Greenacre, P. (1950) Special problems of early female sexual development. In: Trauma, Growth and Personality New York: Int. Univ. Press.

368. Greenacre, P. (1952) Pregenital patterning. IJP, 33.

369. Greenacre, P. (1953) Penis awe and its relation to penis envy. In: Drives, Affects, Behavior, ed. R. M. Loewenstein. New York: Int. Univ. Press.

370. Greenacre, P. (1956) Experiences of awe in childhood. PSOC,11.

371. Greenacre, P. (1957) The childhood of the artist. PSOC, 12.

372. Greenacre, P. (1958) The family romance of the artist. In: Emotional Growth. New York: Int. Univ. Press, 1971, vol. 2.

373. Greenacre, P. (1958) The relation of the impostor to the artist. In: Emotional Growth. New York: Int. Univ. Press, 1971, vol. 1.

374. Greenacre, P. (1968) Perversions. PSOC, 23.

375. Greenacre, P. (1969) The fetish and the transitional object, part 1. PSOC, 24.

376. Greenacre, P. (1970) The fetish and the transitional object, part 2. IJP 51, vol. 4.

377. Greenacre, P. (1970) The transitional object and the fetish. In: Emotional Growth. New York: Int. Univ. Press.

378. Greenacre, P. (1972) Crowds and crisis. PSOC, 27.

379. Greenacre, P. (1973) The primal scene and the sense of reality. PQ, 42.

380. Greenacre, P. (1975) On reconstruction. JAPA, 21.

381. Greenberg, J. R. & Mitchell, S. A. (1983) Object Relations in Psychoanalytic Theory. Cambridge: Harvard Univ. Press.

382. Greenson, R. R. (1949) The psychology of apathy. PQ, 18.

383. Greenson, R. R. (1953) On boredom. JAPA, 1.

384. Greenson, R. R. (1960) Empathy and its vicissitudes. IJP, 41.

385. Greenson, R. R. (1962) On enthusiasm. JAPA, 10.

386. Greenson, R. R. (1965) The working alliance and the transference neurosis. PQ, 34.

387. Greenson, R. R. (1967) The technique and Practice of Psycho-analysis. New York: Int. Univ. Press.

388. Greenson, R. R. (1978) Exploration in Psychoanalysis. New York: Int. Univ. Press.

389. Greenspan, S. & Pollock, G., eds. (1980) The Course of Life. Vol. I. Washington, D. C.: U. S. Government Printing office.

390. Grinberg, L., Sor, D. & Tabak de Bianchedi, E. (1975) Introduction to the Work of Bion, trans. A. Hahn. Scotland: Clunie Press.

391. Grinker, E. R (1945) Psychiatric disorders in combat crews overseas and in returnees. Med. Clin. North. Amer., 29.

392. Grinstein, A. (1983) Freud's Rules of Dream Interpretation. New York: Int. Univ. Press.

393. Grolnick, S., Barkin, L. & Muensterberger, W., eds. (1978) Between Reality and Fantasy. New York: Jason Aronson.

394. Grosskurth, P. (1986) Melanie Klein. New York: Alfred Knopf.

395. Grossman, W. E. & Stewart, W. A. (1976) Penis envy. JAPA, 24 (5).

396. Grotstein, J. S. (1981) Splitting and Projective Indentification. New York: Jason Aronson.

397. Guntrip, H. (1961) Personality Structure and Human Interaction. New York: Int. Univ. Press.

398. Guntrip, H. (1968) Schizoid Phenomena, Object-Relations and the Self. London: Hogarth Press.

399. Harley, M. (1967) Transference developments in a five-year old child. In: the Child Analyst at Work, ed. E. Geleerd. New York: Int. Univ. Press.

400. Harley, M. (1974) Analyst and Adolescent at Work. New York: Quadrangle.

401. Harley, M. (1986) Child analysis, 1947—1984, a retrospective. PSOC, 41.

402. Harre, R. and Lamb, R. (1983) The Encyclopedia Dictionary of Psychology. Cambridge: M. I. T. Press.

403. Harrison, J. B. (1975) On the maternal origins of awe. PSOC, 30.

404. Harrison, J. B. (1979) On Freud's view of the infant-mother relationship and of the oceanic feeling. JAPA, 27.

405. Harrison, S. J. (1970) Is psychoanalysis "our science?". JAPA, 18.

406. Hartmann, H. PSOC, 5.

407. Hartmann, H. (1937) Ego Psychology and the Problem of Adaptation. New York: Int. Univ. Press.

408. Hartmann, H. (1939) Ego Psychology and the Problem of Adaptation. New York: Int. Univ. Press, 1958.

409. Hartmann, H. (1939) Psychoanalysis and the concept of health. In: Hartmann (1964).

410. Hartmann, H. (1947) On rational and irrational action. In: Essays on Ego Psychology. New York: Int. Univ. Press, 1964.

411. Hartmann, H. (1948) Comments on the theory of instinctual drives. PQ, 17.

412. Hartmann, H. (1950) Comments on the psychoanalytic theory of the ego. New York: Int. Univ. Press.

413. Hartmann, H. (1951) Technical implications of ego psychology PQ, 20.

414. Hartmann, H. (1952) The mutual influences in the development of ego and id. PSOC, 7.

415. Hartmann, H. (1953) Contribution to the metapsychology of schizophrenia. In: Hartmann, PSOC, 8.

416. Hartmann, H. (1953) The metapsychology of schizophrenia. PSOC, 8.

417. Hartmann, H. (1955) Notes on the theory of sublimation. PSOC, 10.

418. Hartmann, H. (1956) The development of the ego concept in Freud's work. IJP, 37.

419. Hartmann, H. (1964) Essays in Ego Psychology. New York Int. Univ. Press.

420. Hartmann, H. (1964) The development of the ego concept in Freud's work. IJP, 37.

421. Hartmann, H., Kris, E. & Loewenstein, R. M. (1946) Comments in the formation of psychic structure. PSOC, 2.

422. Hartmann, H., Kris, E. & Loewenstein, R. M. (1949) Notes on the theory of aggression. PSOC, 3/4.

423. Hartmann, H. & Loewenstein, R. M. (1962) Notes on the superego. PSOC, 17.

424. Hassler, A. D. (1960) Guideposts of migrating fish. Science, 122.

425. Hastings, D. W. (1963) Impotence and Frigidity. Boston: Little, Brown.

426. Heimann, P. (1952) Certain functions of introjection and projection in early infancy. In: Klein et al. (1952).

427. Heimann, P. & Valenstein, A. F. (1962) Notes on the anal stage IJP, 43.

428. Heimann, P. & Valenstein, A. F. (1972) The psychoanalytical concept of aggression. IJP, 53.

429. Hendrick, I. (1958) Facts and Theories of Psychoanalysis, 3rd ed. New York: Alfred Knopf.

430. Hill, M. (1982) Analysis of transference. In: Theory and Technique, vol. 1. New York: Int. Univ. Press.

431. Hoffer, W. (1949) Mouth, hand, and ego integration. PSOC, 3/4.

432. Holder, A. (1982) Preoedipal contributions to the formation of the superego. PSOC, 37.

433. Holt, R. R. (1964) The emergence of cognitive psychology JAPA, 12.

434. Holt, R. R. (1967) Beyond vitalism and mechanism. In: Science and Psychoanalysis, ed. J. H. Masserman. Hew York: Grune & Stratton, vol. 2.

435. Hook, S. (1959) Psychoanalysis, Scientific Method and Philosophy. New York: Grove Press.

436. Horney, K. (1924) On the genesis of the castration complex in women. IJP, 5.

437. Horney, K. (1926) The flight from womanhood. IJP, 7.

438. Horowitz, M. J. (1972) Modes of representation of thought. JAFA, 20.

439. Horowitz, M. J. (1979) States of Mind, 2d. ed. New York: Plenum, 1987, chap. 3.

440. Hurvich, M. (1970) On the concept of reality testing. IJP, 51.

441. Isaacs, S. (1952) The nature and function of phantasy. In: Klein et. al. (1952).

442. Isakower, O. (1938) A contribution to the pathopsychology of phenomena associated with falling asleep. IJP, 19.

443. Isakower, O. (1963) Minutes of the faculty meeting. New York Psychoanalytic Institute, Oct. 14—Nov. 20. A. Z. Pteffer, reporter.

444. Isay, R. A. (1986) Homosexuality in homosexual and heterosexual men. In: The Psychology of Men, ed. G. Fogel, F. Lane & R. Liebert. New York: Basic Books.

445. Jacobi, J. (1959) Complex (Archetype) Symbol in the Work of C. G. Jung. Princeton, N. J.: Princeton Univ. Press.

446. Jacobs, T. J. (1986) Transference relationships, relationships between transferences and reconstruction. In: Psycho-analysis, the Science of Mental Conflict, ed. A. D. Richards & M. S. Willick. Hillsdale N. J.: Analytic Press.

447. Jacobson, E. (1953) Contribution to the metapsychology of cyclothymic depression. In: Affective Disorders, ed. P. Greenacre. New York: Int. Univ. Press.

448. Jacobson, E. (1954) Contribution to the metapsychology of psychotic identifications. JAPA, 2.

449. Jacobson, E. (1957) Normal and pathological moods. PSOC, 12.

450. Jacobson, E. (1959) Depersonalization. JAPA, 7.

451. Jacobson, E. (1964) The Self and the Object World. New York: Int. Univ. Press.

452. Jacobson, E. (1967) Psychotic Conflict and Reality. New York: Int. Univ. Press.

453. Jacobson, E. (1971) Depression. New York: Int. Univ. Press.

454. Jacobson, E. (1971) Depression: Comparative Studies of Normal, Neurotic and Psychotic Conditions. Madison, Conn.: Int. Univ. Press.

455. Jacobson, E. (1971) Normal and pathological moods. In: Depression. New York: Int. Univ. Press.

456. Jacobson, E. (1975) The regulation of self-esteem. In: Depression and Human Existence. ed. E. J. Anthony & T. Benedeck. Boston: Little, Brown.

457. Jaffe, A. (1971) The Myth of Meaning. New York: Putnam.

458. Jaffe, D. S. (1970) Forgetting and remembering. P. Q, 39.

459. Janet, Dr. Pierre (1924) Principles of Psychotherapy. New York: Macmillan.

460. John, E. R. (1976) A model of consciousness. In: Consciousness and Self-Regulation, ed. G. E. Schwartz & D. Shapiro. New York: Plenum Press, 1976, vol. 1.

461. Jones, E. (1908) Rationalization in everyday life J Abnorm. Psychol., 3: 161—169.

462. Jones, E. (1918) Anal-erotic character traits. In: Papers on Psychoanalysis London— Balliere Tindall & Cox, 1948.

463. Jones, E. (1931) The concept of a normal mind. In: Papers on Psychoanalysis, 5th ed., London. Bailliйre, Tindall & Cox, 1948.

464. Jones, E. (1933) The phallic phase. IJP, 14.

465. Jones, E. (1934) Editorial preface to the Collected Papers of Sigmund Freud, 4. London— Hogarth Press.

466. Jones, E. (1941) Evolution and revolution. IJP, 22.

467. Jones, E. (1949) Hamlet and Oedipus. New York: Norton.

468. Jones, E. (1957) The life and work of Sigmund Freud, vol. 3. New York: Basic Books.

469. Joseph, E. D. (1965) Regressive Ego Phenomena in Psychoanalysis. Monograph I, Kris Study Group. New York Int. Univ. Press.

470. Joseph, E. D. (1966) Memory and conflict. PQ, 35.

471. Joseph, E. D. & Wallerstein, R. S (1982) Psychotherapy. New York: Int. Univ. Press.

472. Jung, C. G. (1921—57) Collected Works of C. G. Jung Princeton, N. J.: Princeton Univ. Press.

473. Jung, C. G. (1938) Psychological aspects of the mother archetype. In: Collected Works, vol. 9, pt. 1.

474. Jung, C. G. (1957) Animus and Anima. Zurich: Spring.

475. Jung, C. G. (1963) Memories Dreams, Reflections. New York Pantheon.

476. Kamyer, M. (1985) Identification and its vicissitudes. IJP, 66.

477. Kandell, E (1976) Cellular Basis of Behavior. San Francisco— W H. Freeman.

478. Kanzer, M. (1948) The passing of the Oedipus complex' in Greek drama. IJP, 29.

479. Kanzer, M. (1964) On interpreting the Oedipus plays Psychoanal Study Society, 3.

480. Kanzer, M. (1981) Freud's "analytic pact". JAPA, 29.

481. Kardiner, A. (1941) The Traumatic Neurosis of War New. York: Hoeber.

482. Karma, L. (1981) A clinical report of penis envy. JAPA, 29.

483. Karush, A., Daniels, C. E., Flood, C. & O'Connor, J. F. (1977) Psychotherapy in Chronic Ulcerative Colitis. Philadelphia: Sannders.

484. Katan, A. (1972) The infant's first reaction to strangers. IJP, 53.

485. Katan, M. (1940) The role of the word in mania. Bull. Phi la. Assn. Psychoanal., 22.

486. Katz, J. (1963) On primary gain and secondary gain. PSOC, 18.

487. Katz, J. (1985) Book review of Melanie Klein by Hanna Segal. New York: Viking Press. 1980 JAPA, 33 (suppl.).

488. Kaywin, L. (1966) Problems of sublimation. JAPA, 14.

489. Kernberg, O. F. (1966) Structural derivations of object relationships. IJP, 47.

490. Kernberg, O. F. (1967) Borderline personality organization. JAPA, 15.

491. Kernberg, O. F. (1975) Borderline Conditions and Pathological Narcissism. New York: Jason Aronson.

492. Kernberg, O. F. (1976) Object Relations Theory and Clinical Psychoanalysis. New York: Jason Aronson.

493. Kernberg, O. F. (1977) Boundaries and structure in love relations. JAPA, 25.

494. Kernberg, O. F. (1980) Fairbairn's theory and challenge. In: Internal World and External Reality: Object Relations Theory Applied. New York: Jason Aronson.

495. Kernberg, O. F. (1980) Internal World and External Reality. New York: Jason Aronson.

496. Kernberg, O. F. (1984) Severe Personality Disorders. New Haven: Yale Univ. Press.

497. Kessler, J. W. (1970) Contributions of the mentally retarded toward a theory of cognitive development. In: Cognitive Studies, ed. J. Hellmuth. New York Brunner/Mazel.

498. Kestenberg, J. S. (1967) Phases of adolescence. J. Amer. Acad. Child. Psychiat., 6.

499. Khan, M. (1982) Introduction. In: D. W. Winnicott, Through Paediatrics to Psychoanalysis. London: Hogarth Press.

500. Klein, G. S. (1966) The several grades of memory. In: Psychoanalysis. A General Psychology, pd. H. M. Lowenstein, L M. Newman, M. Schur & A. J. Solnit. New York Int. Univ. Press.

501. Klein, M. (1932) The Psychoanalysis of Children London: Hogarth Press.

502. Klein, M. (1946) Notes on some schizoid mechanisms IJP, 27.

503. Klein, M. (1948) Contributions to Psychoanalysis, 1921—45. London: Hogarth Press.

504. Klein, M. (1950) Narrative of a Child Analysis. New York Basic Books.

505. Klein, M. (1957) Envy and Gratitude. New York: Basic Books.

506. Klein, M. (1957) On identification. In: New Directions in Psychoanalysis, ed. M. Klein, P. Heimann & R. Money-Kyrle. New York: Basic Books.

507. Klein, M. (1959) On the development of Mental functioning. In: Envy and Gratitude London: Delacorte Press, 1975.

508. Klein, M., Heimann, P., Isaacs, S. & Riviere J. (eds.) (1952) Developments in Psychoanalysis. London: Hogarth Press.

509. Knight, R. P. (1953) Borderline states. Bull. Menn. Clin., 17.

510. Knight, R. P. (1972) Clinician and Therapist: Selected Papers of Robert P. Knight, ed. Stuart C. Miller. New York: Basic Books.

511. Kohut, H. (1959) Introspection, empathy, and psycho-analysis. JAPA, 7.

512. Kohut, H. (1971) The Analysis of the Self. New York: Int. Univ. Press.

513. Kohut, H. (1977) The Restoration of the Self. New York Int. Univ. Press.

514. Kohut, H. (1978) The Search for the Self, ed. P. Ornstein. New York: Int. Univ. Press.

515. Kohut, H. (1984) How Does Analysis Cure? ed. A Goldben & P. Stepansky. Chicago: Univ. Chicago Press.

516. Kohut, H. & Wolf, E. S. (1978) The disorders of the self and their treatment. IJP, 59.

517. Krapf, E. E. (1961) The concept of normality and mental, health in psychoanalysis. IJP, 59.

518. Kreisler, L. (1984) Fundamentals for a psychosomatic pathology of infants. In: Frontiers of Infant Psychiatry, ed. J. D. Call, E. Galenson & R. L. Tyson. New York: Basic Books, vol. 2.

519. Kris, A. O. (1982) Free Association. New Haven: Yale Univ. Press.

520. Kris, A. O. (1984) The conflicts of ambivalence. PSOC, 39.

521. Kris, E. (1951) Ego psychology and interpretation in psychoanalytic therapy. P. Q, 20.

522. Kris, E. (1952) Psychoanalytic Exploration in Art. New York: Int. Univ. Press.

523. Kris, E. (1956) On some vicissitudes of insight in psychoanalysis. IJP, 37.

524. Kris, E. (1956) The personal myth. JAPA, 4.

525. Kris, E. (1956) The recovery of childhood memories in psychoanalysis. PSOC, 11.

526. Krupuick, J. L. & Horowitz, M. J. (1981) Stress response syndromes. Arch. Gen. Psychiat., 38.

527. Krystal, H. ed. (1968) Massive Psychic Trauma. New York: Int. Univ. Press.

528. Krystal, H. (1978) Trauma and affects. PSOC, 33.

529. Krystal, H. (1981) The hedonic element in affectivity. J. Psychoanal., 9.

530. Krystal, H. (1982) Alexithymia and the affectiveness of psychoanalytic treatment. Int. J. Psychoanal. Psychother., 9.

531. Kubie, L. S. (1947) The fallacious use of quantitative concepts in dynamic psychology. P. Q, 16.

532. Kubie, L. S. (1962) The fallacious misuse of the concept of sublimation. PQ, 31.

533. Kubie, L. S. (1972) Personal communication.

534. Kubie, L. S. (1975) The language tools of psychoanalysis. Int. Rev. Psychoanal., 2.

535. Labov, W. (1972) Language in the Inner City. Philadelphia: Univ. Penn. Press.

536. Lagache, D. (1953) Behavior and psychoanalytic experience In Drives. Affects, Behavior, ed. R. Loewenstein. New York: Int. Univ. Press.

537. Langer, S. K. (1962) Problems and techniques of psychoanalytic validation and progress. In: Psychoanalysis as Science, ed. E. Pumplan-Mindlin. Stanford: Stanford Univ. Press.

538. Langer, W. (1958) The next assignment. Amer. Imago, 15.

539. Langhlin, H. P. (1967) The Neurosis. Washington: Butterworth.

540. Laplanche, J. & Pontalis, J. B. (1967) Vocabulaire de la Psychoanalyse. Paris: Presses Universitaires de France.

541. Laplanche, J. & Pontalis, J. B. (1973) The Language of Psychoanalysis. London: Hogarth Press.

542. Laplanche, J. & Pontalis, J. B. (1983) The Language of psychoanalysis. London: Hogarth Press.

543. Laseque, C. (1977) Les exhibitionnistes. L'Union Medicale, Froisieme Serie, 23.

544. Leaff, L. A. (1971) Affect versus feeling. JAPA, 19.

545. Leon, I. G. (1984) Psychoanalysis, Piaget and attachment. Int. Rev. Psychoanal., 11.

546. Lerner, H. E. (1976) Parental Mislabeling of female genitals as a determinant of penis envy and learning inhibitions in women. JAPA, 24 (suppl.).

547. Levey, M. (1985) The concept structure in psychoanalysis. Annu. Psychoanal. 12—13.

548. Levy, D. (1983) Wittgenstein on the form of psychoanalytic interpretation. Int. Rev. Psycho-anal., 10.

549. Levy, S. T. (1984) Principles of Interpretaion. New York: Aronson.

550. Levy, S. T. (1984) Psychoanalytic perspectives on emptiness. JAPA, 32.

551. Levy, S. T. (1985) Empathy and psychoanalytic technique. JAPA, 33.

552. Lewin, B. D. (1933) The body as phallus. PQ, 2.

553. Lewin, B. D. (1946) Sleep, the mouth, and the dream screen. PQ, 15.

554. Lewin, B. D. (1950) The Psychoanalysis of Elation. New York: Norton.

555. Lewin, B. D. (1953) Reconslde ration of the dream screen. PQ, 22.

556. Lewis, H. B. (1971) Shame and Guilt in Neurosis. New York: Int. Univ. Press.

557. Lichtenberg, J., Bornstein, M. & Silver, D., eds. (1984) Empathy, vols. 1—2. Hillsdale & London: Analytic Press.

558. Lichtenberg, J. D. & Kaplan, S. (1983) Reflections on Self Psychology. Hillsdale, N. J.: Analytic Press.

559. Lichtenberg, J. D. & Slap, J. W. (1973) Notes on the concept of splitting and defense mechanism of splitting of representations. JAPA, 21.

560. Lichtenstein, H. (1961) Identity and sexuality. JAPA, 9.

561. Lichtenstein, H. (1970) Changing implications of the concept of psychosexual development. JAPA, 18.

562. Lidz, T., Fleck, S. & Cornelison. A. R. (1965) Schizophrenia and the Family. New York: Int. Univ. Press.

563. Lifschutz, J. E. (1976) A critique of reporting and assessment in the training analysis. JAPA, 24.

564. Limentani, A. (1979) The significance of transsexualism in relation to some basic psychoanalytic concepts. Int. Rev. Psychoanal., 6.

565. Loewald, H. W. (1951) Ego and reality. IJP, 32.

566. Loewald, H. W. (1959) The waning of the Oedipus complex. JAPA, 27.

567. Loewald, H. W. (1962) Internalization, separation, mourning, and the superego. PQ, 31.

568. Loewald, H. W. (1971) Some considerations on repetition and repetition compulsion. IJP, 52.

569. Loewald, H. W. (1973) On internalization. IJP, 54.

570. Loewenstein, R. M. (1951—72) Practice and Precept in Psycho analytic Technique. New Haven: Yale Univ. Press, 1982.

571. Loewenstein, R. M. (1951) The problem of interpretation. PQ, 20.

572. Loewenstein, R. M. (1957) A contribution to the psychoanalytic theory of masochism. JAPA, 5.

573. Loewenstein, R. M., Newman, L. M., Schur, M. & Solnit, A. J., eds. (1966) Psychoanalysis — A General Psychology. New York: Int. Univ. Press.

574. Lorand, S. (1950) Clinical Studies in Psychoanalysis. New York: Int. Univ. Press.

575. Lowinger, J. (1976) Ego Development. San Francisco: Jossey Bass.

576. Luria, A. R. (1978) The human brain and conscious activity. In: Consciousness and Self-Regulation, ed. G. E. Shwarta & D. Shapiro. New York: Plenum Press, 1978, vol. 2.

577. Lustman, J. (1977) On splitting. PSOC, 32.

578. Lynd, H. M. (1961) On Shame and the Search for Identity New York: Science Editions.

579. Madow, Z. & Snow, L. H., eds. (1970) The Psychodynamic Implications of the Physiological Studies on Dreams. Springfield, III: Thomas.

580. Mahler, M. S. (1952) On child psychosis and schizophrenia. PSOC, 7.

581. Mahler, M. S. (1963) Thoughts and development and individuation. PSOC. 12.

582. Mahler, M. S. (1966) Notes on the development of basic moods: the depressive affect in psychoanalysis. In: Psychoanalysis — A General Psychology, ed. R. M. Loewenstein, L. M. Newman, M. Schuz & A. J. Solnit. New York: Int. Univ. Press.

583. Mahler, M. S. (1968) On Human Symbiosis and the Vicissitudes of Individuation. New York: Int. Univ. Press.

584. Mahler, M. S. (1975) Discussion on Bernard L. Pacella's paper. JAPA, 23.

585. Mahler, M. S. (1975) On the current status of infantile neurosis. JAPA, 23.

586. Mahler, M. S. (1979) Selected Papers of Margaret S. Mahler, vol. 2. New York: Jason Aronson.

587. Mahler, M. S. & Purer, M. (1968) On Human Symbiosis and the Vicissitudes of Individuation. New York: Int. Univ. Press.

588. Mahler, M. S. & Gosliner, B. J. (1955) On Symbiotic child psychosis. PSOC, 10.

589. Mahler, M. S., Pine, F. & Bergman, A. (1975) The Psychological Birth of the Human Infant. New York: Basic Books.

590. Mahony, P. (1979) The boundaries of free association. Psychoanal. Contemp. Thought, 2.

591. Malcove, L. (1975) The analytic situation (and Panel discussion). J. Phila. Assn. Psychoanal., 2.

592. Marcovitz, E. (1973) On confidentiality in psychoanalysis. Bull. Phila. Assn. Psychoanal., 23.

593. Marcus, I. M. & Francis, J. J. (1975) Masturbation. New York: Int. Univ. Press.

594. Marty, P. & de M'Uzan, M. (1963) La pensйe opйratoire. Rev. Psychoanaltique, 27 suppl.

595. Masson, J. M. (1980) The Oceanic Feeling. Boston: D. Reidel Publishing Company.

596. Masters, W. H. & Johnson, V. E. (1966) Human Sexual Response. Boston: Little, Brown.

597. McDaugall, J. (1984) The "dis-affected" patient. PQ, 53.

598. McDevitt, J. B. (1975) Separation-individuation and object constancy. JAPA, 23.

599. Meehl, P. E. (1962) Hedonic capacity. Bull. Menn. Clin., 39.

600. Meissner, W. H. (1978) The Paranoid Process. New York: Aronson.

601. Meissner, W. W. (1979) Internalization and object relations. JAPA, 27.

602. Meissner, W. W. (1981) Internalization in Psychoanalysis. New York: Int. Univ. Press.

603. Meissner, W. W. (1981) Metapsychology: who needs it. JAPA, 29.

604. Meissner, W. W., Mack, J. E. & Semrad, E. V. (1975) Classical Psychoanalysis. In: Comprehensive Textbook of Psychiatry, ed. A. M. Freedman, H. I. Kaplan & J. Sadock. Baltimore: Williams & Wilkins.

605. Menninger, W. (1943) Characterologic and symptomatic expressions related to the anal phase of psycho sexual development. PQ, 12.

606. Mesmer, Franz Anton (1965) The Nature of Hypnosis, ed. Ronald E. Shor and Martin T. Orne. New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston.

607. Metcalf, D. & Spitz, R. A. (1978) The transitional object. In: Grolnick et al. (1978).

608. Meyer, B. C. (1972) The contribution of psychoanalysis to biography. Psychoanal. Contemp. Sci., 1.

609. Meyer, J. (1982) The theory of gender identity disorders. JAPA, 30.

610. Meyer, J. (1985) Ego-dystonic homosexuality. In: Comprehensive Textbook of Psychiatry, 4th ed., ed. H. Kaplan & B. Sadock. Baltimore: Williams & Wilkins.

611. Meyer, J. (1985) Paraphilia. In: Comprehensive Textbook of Psychiatry, ed. H. Kaplan & B. Sadock. Baltimore, Williams & Wilkins, 4th ed.

612. Michaels, R. & Gaeger, R. K. Adaptation. PMC. Forthcoming.

613. Milrod, D. (1982) The wished-for-self-image. PSOC, 37.

614. Modell, A. H. (1958) The Theoretical implications of hallucinatory experiences in schizophrenia. JAFA, 6.

615. Modell, A. H. (1965) Object Love and Reality. New York: Int. Univ. Press.

616. Modell, A. H. (1970) The transitional object and the creative act. PQ, 39.

617. Modell, A. H. (1975) The ego and the id. IJP, 56.

618. Money, J. & Green, R. (1969) Transsexualism and Sex Reassignment. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins Univ. Press.

619. Monroe, R. R (1970) Episodic Behavior Disorders. Cambridge: Harvard Univ. Press.

620. Moore, B. E. (164) Frigidity. PQ. 33.

621. Moore, B. E. (1975) Freud and female sexuality. IJP, 57.

622. Moore, B. E. (1975) Toward a clarification on the concept of narcissism. PSOC, 30.

623. Moore, B. E. (1976) Freud and female sexuality. IJP, 57.

624. Moore, B. E. (1977) Psychic representation and female orgasm. In: Female Psychology, ed. H. P. Blum. New York: Int. Univ. Press.

625. Moore, B. E. & Fine, B. D., eds. (1967) A Glossary of Psychoanalytic Terms and Concepts. New York: Amer. Psychoanal. Assn.

626. Moore, B. E. & Rubinfine, D. Z. (1969) The mechanism of denial. Kris Study Group Monographs, New York: Int. Univ. Press, vol. 3.

627. Moses, R. (1978) Adult psychic trauma. IJP, 59.

628. Murray, C. D. (1930) Psychogenic factors in the etiology of ulcerative colitis and bloody diarrhea. Amer. J. Med. Sci., 180.

629. Nagera, H., ed. (1966) Early Childhood Disturbances, the Infantile Neurosis, and the Adulthood Disturbances. New York: Int. Univ. Press.

630. Nagera, H. (1967) The concepts of structure and structuralization. PSOC, 22.

631. Nagera, H. (1969—71) Basic Psychoanalytic Concepts. New York: Int. Univ. Press.

632. Nagera, H. (1976) Obsessional Neuroses. New York: Aronson.

633. Natterson, J. M. (1980) The Dream in Clinical Practice. New York: Jason Aronson.

634. Nemiah, J. C. & Sifneos, P. E. (1970) Affect and fantasy in patients with psychosomatic disorders. In: Modern Trends in Psychosomatic Medicine, ed. O. W. Hill. London: Butterworths, vol. 2.

635. Neubaner, P. B. (1979) The role of insight in psychoanalysis JAPA, 27.

636. Neubaner, P. B. (1982) Rivalry, envy, and Jealousy. PSOC, 37.

637. Novick, J. (1982) Varieties of transference in the analysis of an adolescent. IJP, 42.

638. Novick, J. & Kelly, K. (1970) Projection and externalization. PSOC, 25.

639. Noy, P. Wollstein, S. & Kaplan-de-Nour, A. (1966) Clinical observations of the psychogenesis of impotence. Brit. J. Med. Psychol., 39.

640. Nunberg, H. (1948) The synthetic function of the ego. In: Practice and Theory of Psychoanalysis. New York: Int. Univ. Press, vol. 1.

641. Nunberg, H. (1954) Evaluation of the results of psychoanalytic treatment. IJP, 35.

642. Nunberg, H. (1955) Principles of Psychoanalysis. New York: Int. Univ. Press.

643. Ogden, T. (1982) Projective Identification and Psycho-therapeutic Technique. New York: Jason Aronson.

644. Olinick, S. Z. (1964) The negative therapeutic reaction. IJP, 45.

645. Olinick, S. Z. (1980) The Psychotheraputic Instrument. New York: Jason Aronson.

646. Ornston, D. G. (1978) On projection. PSOC, 33.

647. Ornston, D. G. (1982) Strachey's influence. IJP, 63.

648. Ornston, D. G. (1985a) Freud's conception is different from Strachey's. JAPA, 33.

649. Ornston, D. G. (1985b) The invention of "cathexes" and Strachey's strategy. Int. Rev. Psychoanal., 12.

650. Ornston, D. G. (1988) How standard is the "Standard Edition? In Freud in Exile, ed. E. Timns & N. Segal. New Haven: Yale Univ. Press.

651. Orr, D. W. (1954) Transference and countertransference. JAPA, 2.

652. Ostow, M. (1974) Sexual Deviation. New York: Quadrangle.

653. Pacella, B. (1975) Early ego development and the deja vu. JAPA, 23.

654. Panel (1957) Acting out and its relation to impulse disorders. M. Kanzer, reporter. JAPA, 5.

655. Panel (1958) Problems of identity. D. Z. Rubinfine, reporter. JAPA, 6.

656. Panel (1958) Technical aspects of regression during psychoanalysis. K. T. Calder, reporter. JAFA, 11.

657. Panel (1963) The concept of the id. E. Marcovitz, reporter. JAPA, 11.

658. Panel (1964) Depersonalization. W. A. Stewart, reporter. JAPA, 12.,.

659. Panel (1966) Clinical and theoretical aspects of "as-if" characters. J. Weiss, reporter. JAPA, 11.

660. Panel (1969) The theory of genital primacy in the light of ego psychology. M. Berezin, reporter. JAPA, 17.

661. Panel (1971) Action, acting out, and the symptomatic act. N. Actins, reporter. JAPA, 18.

662. Panel (1970) Psychoanalytic theory of affects. L. B. Lofgren, reporter. JAPA, 16.

663. Panel (1970) The development of the child's sense of his sexual identity. Virginia, L. Glower, reporter. JAPA, 18.

664. Panel (1970) The negative therapeutic reaction. S. L. Olinick, reporter. JAPA, 18.

665. Panel (1972) Levels of confidentiality in the psychoanalytic situation. A. S. Watson, reporter JAPA, 20.

666. Panel (1974) Toward a theory of affects. P. Castelneuvo-Tedesco, reporter. JAPA, 22. W.

667. Panel (1975) The analytic situation. S. T. Shapiro, reporter. J. Phila. Aasn. Psychoanal.,2.

668. Panel (1980) New directions in affect theory. E. P. Lester, reporter. JAPA, 30.

669. Panel (1981) Insight. K. H. Blacker, reporter. JAPA, 29.

670. Panel (1981) Masochism. W. Fischer, reporter. JAPA, 29.

671. Panel (1982) Beyond lay analysis. H. Fischer, reporter. JAPA, 30.

672. Panel (1983) Clinical aspects of character. M. Willick, reporter. JAPA, 31.

673. Panel (1983) Theory of character. S. M. Abend, reporter. JAPA, 31.

674. Panel (1984) The neutrality of the analyst in the analytic situation, R. J. Leider, reporter. JAPA, 32. (1985) Perspectives on the nature of psychic reality. E. Roughton, reporter. JAPA, 33.

675. Panel (1987) Toward the further understanding of homosexual women. A Wolfson, reporter. JAPA, 35.

676. Pao, P.-N. (1971) Elation, hypomania and mania. JAFA, 19.

677. Parens, H. (1979) The Development of Aggression in Early Childhood. New York: Jason Aronson.

678. Parens, H. (1980) Psychic development during the second and third years of life. In: The Course of Life, ed. S. Greenspan & G. Pollock. Washington: Nat. Inst. Health.

679. Parens, H. & Saul, L. J. (1971) Dependence in Man. New York: Int. Univ. Press.

680. Person, E. & Ovesey, L. (1974) The transsexual syndrome in males. Amer. J. Psychother., 28.

681. Person, E. & Ovesey, L. (1983) Psychoanalytic theories of gender identity. J. Amer. Acad. Psychoanal., 2.

682. Peterfreund, E. & Schwartz, J. T. (1971) Information, systems, and Psychoanalysis. New York: Int. Univ. Press.

683. Peto, A. (1976) The etiological significance of the primal scene in perversions. PQ, 44.

684. Pfeffer, A. Z. (1984) Modes of obsessional thinking. Presented at the New York Psychoanalytic Society, October 23.

685. Piaget, J. (1937) The Construction of Reality in the Child. New York: Basic Books, 1954.

686. Piaget, J. (1962) Play, Dreams and Imitation in Childhood New York: Norton.

687. Piers, G. & Singer, M. B. (1953) Shame and Guilt. Springfield: Thomas; New ed., New York: Norton.

688. Pine, F. (1985) Developmental Theory and Clinical Process. New Haven: Yale Univ. Press.

689. Poland, W. S. (1984) On the analyst's neutrality. JAFA, 32.

690. Pollock, G. H. (1961) Mourning and adaptation. IJP, 42.

691. Pollock, G. H. (1978) Process and affect. IJP, 59.

692. Potamianau, A. (1985) The personal myth. PSOC, 40.

693. Provence, S. & Lipton, R. (1962) Infants in Institutions. New York: Int. Univ. Press.

694. Pulver, S. E. Symptomatology. PMC. Forthcoming.

695. Pulver, S. E. (1970) Narcissism. JAPA, 18.

696. Rado, S. (1949) An adaptational view of sexual behavior In Psychosexual Development in Health and Disease, ed. P. H. Hock & J. Lubin. New York: Grune & Stratton.

697. Rangell, L. Affects. PMC. Forthcoming.

698. Rangell, L. (1959) The nature of conversion. JAPA, 7.

699. Rangell, L. (1963) Structural problems in intrapsychic conflict. PSOC, 18.

700. Rangell, L. (1966) An overview of the ending of an analysis. In: Psychoanalysis in Americas, ed. R. E. Litman. New York: Int. Univ. Press.

701. Rangell, L. (1968) A point of view on acting out. IJP, 49.

702. Rangell, L. (1981) From insight to change. JAPA, 29.

703. Rangell, L. (1981) Psychoanalysis and dynamic psychotherapy. PQ, 50.

704. Rangell, L. (1983) Defense and resistance in psychoanalysis and life. JAPA, 31 (suppl.).

705. Rangell, L. (1985) The object in psychoanalytic theory. JAPA, 33.

706. Rank, O. (1909) The Myth of the Birth of the Hero. New York: Nerv. Ment. Dis. Monogr., 18.

707. Rank, O. (1924) The Trauma of Birth. New York: Robert Brunner, 1952.

708. Rapaport, D. (1942) Emotions and Memory. New York: Int. Univ. Press, 1950.

709. Rapaport, D. (1960) The structure of Psychoanalytic Theory. Psychol. Issues, monogr. 6, New York: Int. Univ. Press.

710. Rapaport, D. & Gill, M. M. (1959) The points of view and assumptions of metapsychology. In: The Collected Papers of David Rapaport. New York: Basic Books, 1967.

711. Rapoport, A. (1955) The role of symbols in human behavior. Psychiatric Research Reports, vol. 2, ed. J. S. Gottlieb et al. Washington: Amer. Psychiat. Assn.

712. Rappaport, E. A. (1968) Beyond traumatic neurosis. IJP, 49.

713. Reich, A. (1951) On countertransference. In: Psychoanalytic Contributions. New York: Int. Univ. Press, 1973.

714. Reich, A. (1953) Narcissistic object choice in women. JAPA, 1.

715. Reich, A. (1954) Early identifications as archaic elements in the superego. JAPA, 2.

716. Reich, A. (1960) Pathologic forms of self-esteem regulation. PSOC, 15.

717. Reich, W. (1933) Character Analysis. New York: Orgone Press, 1949.

718. Reich, W. (1933) Some circumscribed character forms. In: Character Analysis. New York: Orgone Institute Press.

719. Reik, T. (1919) Ritual. New York: Int. Univ. Press.

720. Reiser, M. (1984) Mind, Brain and Body New York: Basic Books.

721. Richards, A. D. (1985) Isakower-like experience on the couch. PQ. 54.

722. Ricoeur, P. (1970) Freud and Philosophy. New Haven — Yale Univ. Press.

723. Ricoeur, P. (1976) Interpretation Theory. Forth Worth-Texas Christian Univ. Press.

724. Rinsley, D. B. (1982) Fairbairn's object relations and classical concepts of dynamics and structure. In: Borderline and Other Self Disorders' A Developmental and Object-Relations Respective New York: Jason Aronson.

725. Rioch, M. (1970) The work of W. R Bion on groups. Psychiatry, 33.

726. Ritvo, S. (1971) Late adolescence. PSOC, 18.

727. Ritvo, S. (1974) Current status of the concept of infantile neurosis. PSOC, 29.

728. Robbins, F & Sadow, L (1974) A developmental hypothesis of reality processing. JAPA, 22.

729. Rodman, F. R. (1987) Introduction In the Spontaneous Gesture — Selected Letters of D. W. Winnicott, ed. F. R. Rodman Cambridge—Harvard Univ. Press.

730. Roiphe, H. (1968) On an early genital phase. PSOC, 23.

731. Roiphe, H. & Galenson, E. (1981) Infantile Roots of Sexual Identity. New York: Int. Univ. Press.

732. Rose, G. (1978) The creativity of everyday life. In: Grolnick et al (1978).

733. Rose, H. (1928) A Handbook of Greek Mythology. London: Methuen.

734. Rosenblatt, A. D. & Thickstun, J T. (1970) A study of the concept of psychic energy. IJP, 51.

735. Rosenthal, S. M. (1968) The involutional depressive syndrome. Amer J. Psychiat., 124.

736. Ross, N. (1967) The "as-if" concept. JAPA, 15.

737. Ross, N. (1970) The primacy of genitality in the light of ego psychology. JAPA, 18.

738. Rothstein, A. (1983) The Structural Hypothesis. New York: Int., Univ. Press.

739. Roughton, R. Action and acting out. FMC. Forthcoming.

740. Rubinstein, B. B. (1972) On metaphor and related phenomena. In: Psychoanalysis and Contemporary Science, ed. A. R. Holt & E. Peterfreund., New York: Int. Univ. Press, vol. 1.

741. Rutter, M. (1972) Maternal Deprivation. Baltimore: Penguin Books.

742. Rycroft, C. (1968) A critical Dictionary of Psychoanalysis New York: Basic Books.

743. Sachs, D. M. (1979) On the relationship between psycho-analysis and psychoanalytic psychotherapy. Bull. Phila Assn. Psychoanal, 6.

744. Sachs, H. (1942) The Creative Unconscious Cambridge, Mass.: Sci. Art. Publishers.

745. Samuels, A. (1985) Jung and the Post-Jungians London — Routledge & Kegan Paul.

746. Sandler, J. (1960) On the concept of the superego. PSOC, 15.

747. Sandler, J., Dare, C. & Holder, A (1973) The negative therapeutic reaction. In: The Patient and the Analyst New York: Int. Univ. Press.

748. Sandler, J. & Freud, A. (1985) The Analysis of Defense. New York: Int. Univ. Press.

749. Sandler, J., Hodler, A. & Meers, D. (1963) The ego ideal and the ideal self. PSOC, 18.

750. Sandler, J., Kennedy, H & Tyson, R. L (1980) The Technique of Child Psychoanalysis. Cambridge—Harvard Univ. Press.

751. Sandler, J. & Rosenblatt, B. (1962) The concept of the representational world. PSOC, 17.

752. Sandler, J. & Sandier, A. M. (1978) On the development of object relationships and affects. IJP, 59.

753. Sarlin, C. N. (1962) Depersonalization and derealization. JAPA, 10.

754. Sarlin, C. N. (1970) The current status of the concept of genital primacy. JAPA. 18.

755. Sarnoff, C. A. (1978) Latency. New York: Aronson.

756. Saussure de, F. (1911) Course in General Linguistic. New York: McGraw Hill.

757. Schafer. R. (1968) Aspects of Internalization. New York: Int. Univ. Press.

758. Schafer. R. (1974) Problems in Freud's psychology of women. JAPA, 22.

759. Schafer. R. (1975) Psychoanalysis without psychodynamics. IJP, 56.

760. Schafer. R. (1976) A New Language for Psychoanalysis. New Haven: Yale Univ. Press.

761. Schafer. R. (1983) The Analytic Attitude. New York: Basic Books.

762. Schechner, R. & Schuman, M. (1976) Ritual, Play and Performance New York: Seabury Press.

763. Schlesinger, N. & Robbins, F. P. (1983) A Developmental View of the Psychoanalytic Process. New York; Int. Univ. Press.

764. Schneirla, T. C. (1959) An evolutionary and developmental theory of biphasic processes underlying approach and withdrawal. In: Nebraska Symposium on Motivation, ed. H. R. Jones. London: Univ. Nebraska Press.

765. Schur, M. (1955) Comments on the metapsychology of somatization. PSOC, 10.

766. Schur, M. (1966) The Id and the Regulatory Principles of Mental Functioning. New York: Int. Univ. Press.

767. Schuster. D. B. (1969) Bisexuality and body as phallus. PQ, 38.

768. Schwartz, H. J., ed. (1984) Psychotherapy of the Combat Veteran. New York: SP Medical and Scientific Books.

769. Segal, H. (1957) Notes on symbol formation. IJP, 39.

770. Segal, H. (1964) Introduction to the Work of Melanie Klein. London: Hogarth Press, 1973.

771. Segal, H. (1973) Introduction to the work of Melanie Klein. London: W. Heinemann.

772. Segal, H. (1981) The Work of Hanna Segal. New York: Jason Aronson.

773. Segal, H. (1986) Illumination of the dim, shadowy era. Sunday Times, London, May 11, 1986.

774. Shane, M. Shane, E. (1982) Psychoanalytic theories of aggression. Psychoanal. Inquiry, 2.

775. Shane, M. Shane, E. (1984) The end phase of analysis. JAPA, 32.

776. Shane, M. Shane, E. (1985) Change and integration in psychoanalytic developmental theory. In: New Ideas in Psychoanalysis, ed. C. F. Settlage & R. Brockbank. Hillsdale, N. J. Analytic Press.

777. Shapiro, T. (1979) Clinical Psycholinguistics. New York: Plenum Press.

778. Shapiro, T. (1984) On neutrality. JAPA, 32.

779. Shengold, L. (1967) The effects of overstimulation. IJP, 48.

780. Shopper, M. (1979) The (re)discovery of the vagina and the importance of the menstrual tampon. In: Female Adolescent Development, ed. M. Sugar. New York: Brunner/Mazel.

781. Sifneos, P. E. (1975) Problems of psychotherapy of patients with alexithymic characteristics and physical disease Psychother & Psychosom., 26.

782. Slap, J. & Saykin, J. (1984) On the nature and organization of the repressed. Psychoanal. Inquiry, 4.

783. Slovenko, R. (1973) Psychiatry and Law. Boston: Little, Brown.

784. Smith, J. H. (1976) Language and the genealogy of the absent object. In: Psychiatry and the Humanities, vol. 1, ed. J. H. Smith. New Haven-Yale Univ. Press.

785. Smith, J. H. ed. (1978) Psychoanalysis and Language. New Haven: Yale Univ. Press.

786. Smith, W. R. (1894) The Religion of the Semites. New York: Meridian Library, 1956.

787. Socarides, C. W. (1963) The historical development of theoretical and clinical aspects of female homosexuality. JAPA, 11.

788. Socarides, C. W. (1970) A psychoanalytic study of the desire for sexual transformation ("transsexualism"). IJP, 51.

789. Socarides, C. W. (1978) Homosexuality. New York: Jason Aronson.

790. Socarides, C. W. (1982) Abdication fathers, Homosexual Sons. In: Father and Child, ed. S. H. Cath, A. R. Gurwitt & J. M. Ross. Boston: Little, Brown.

791. Solnit, A. J. & Ritvo, S. Instinct theory. PMC. Forthcoming.

792. Sophocles. The Oedipus Cycle, tr. D. Fitts & R. Fitzgerald. New York: Harcourt, Brace & World, 1969.

793. Sours, J. A. (1974) The anorexia nervosa syndrome. IJP, 55.

794. Sours, J. A. (1980) Starving to Death in a Sia of Objects. New York: Aronson.

795. Spence, J. T. & Helmrich, R. L. (1978) Masculinity and Femininity. Austin and London: Univ. of Texas Press.

796. Sperber, D. (1974) Rethinking Symbolism. Cambridge: Cambridge Univ. Press.

797. Sperling, M. (1976) Anorexia nervosa. In: Psychosomatic Disorders in Childhood, ed. O. Sperling. New York: Aronson.

798. Spitz, R. A. (1945) Hospitalism. FSOC. 1.

799. Spitz, R. A. (1946) Anaclitic depression. PSOC, 2.

800. Spitz, R. A. (1946) Hospitalism: A follow-up report. PSOC, 2.

801. Spitz, R. A. (1946) The smiling response. Genet. Psychol. Monagr. 34.

802. Spitz, R. A. (1955) The primal cavity. PSOC, 10.

803. Spitz, R. A. (1957) No and Yes. New York: Int. Univ. Press.

804. Spitz, R. A. (1959) A Genetic Field Theory of Ego Formation. New York: Int. Univ. Press.

805. Spitz, R. A. (1965) The First Year of Life. New York:Int. Univ. Press.

806. Spitz, R. A. & Wolf, K. M. (1946) The smiling response. Genet. Psycholol. Monogr., 34.

807. Spruiell, V. The self. PMC. Forthcoming.

808. Stamm, J. L. (1962) Altered ego states allied to the depersonalization. JAPA, 10.

809. Stein, M. (1971) The principle of multiple function. Bull. Phila. Assn. Psychoanal., 21.

810. Stekely, L. (1960) Success, success neurosis and the self. Brit. J. Med. Psychol., 33.

811. Sterba, R. E. (1936—37) Hardwцrterbuch der Psychoanalyse. Vienna: Int. Psychoanal. Verlag.

812. Stern, D. N. (1974) The goal and structure of mother-infant play. J. Amer. Acad. Child Psychiat., 13.

813. Stern, D. N. (1984) Affect attunement. In: Frontiers of Infant Psychiatry. New York: Basic Books, vol. 2.

814. Stern, D. N. (1985) The Interpersonal World of the Infant New York: Basic Books.

815. Stevens, A. (1982) Archetype. London: Rouledge & Kegan Paul.

816. Stoller, R. J. (1971) The term "transvestism". Arch. Gen. Psychiat., 24.

817. Stoller, R. J. (1972) The "bedrock" of masculinity and femininity: bisexuality. Arch. Gen. Psychiat., 26.

818. Stoller, R. J. (1974) Hostility and mystery in perversion. IJP, 55.

819. Stoller, R. J. (1975) Sex and Gender, vol. 2. New York: Jason Aronson.

820. Stoller, R. J. (1976) Primary femininity. JAPA, 24 (5).

821. Stoller, R. J. (1982) Hear miss. In: Eating, Sleeping, and Sexuality, ed. M. Zalea. New York: Brunner/ Mazel.

822. Stoller, R. J. (1985) Observing the Erotic Imagination. New Haven: Yale Univ. Press.

823. Stolorow, R. (1984) Self psychology — a structural psychology. In: Reflections on Self Psychology, ed. J. Lichtenberg & S. Kaplan Hillsdale, N. J.: Analytic Press.

824. Stolorow, R. Transference. PMC. Forthcoming.

825. Stone, L. (1954) The widening scope of indications for psychoanalysis. JAPA, 2.

826. Stone, L. (1961) The Psychoanalytic Situation. New York: Int. Univ. Press.

827. Stone, L. (1967) The psychoanalytic situation and transference. JAPA, 15.

828. Stone, L. (1971) Reflections on the psychoanalytic concept of aggression. FQ, 40.

829. Stone, L. (1973) On resistance to the psychoanalytic process. In: Psychoanalysis and Contemporary Science, ed. B. B. Rubinstein. New York: Macmillan, vol. 2.

830. Stone, M. H. (1980) Borderline Syndromes. New York: McGrow Hill.

831. Strachey, J. (1934) The nature of the therapeutic action of psychoanalysis. IJP, 15.

832. Strachey, J. (1962) The emergence of Freud's fundamental hypothesis. SE, 3.

833. Strachey, J. (1963) Obituary (Joan Riviere). IJP, 44.

834. Strachey, J. (1966) General preface. SE, 1.

835. Swank, R. L. (1949) Combat exhaustion. J. Nerv. Ment. Dis., 109.

836. Szekely, L. (1960) Success, success neurosis and the self. Brit. J. Med. Psychol., 33.

837. Taylor, G. J. (1977) Alexithymia and countertranceference. Psychother & Psychosom., 28.

838. Ticho, E. (1972) Termination of psychoanalysis. PQ, 41.

839. Tolpin, M. (1970) The infantile neurosis. PSOC, 25.

840. Tolpin, M. (1971) On the beginnings of a cohesive self. PSOC. 26.

841. Tolpin, M. & Kohut, H. (1980) The disorders of the self. In: The Course of Life, ed. S. Greenspan & G. Pollock. Washington, B. C.: U. S. Dept. Health and Human Services.

842. Turkle, S. (1986) A review of Grosskurth, P.: Molanie Klein. New York: Times Books, Review, May 18, 1986.

843. Tyson, P. Development. PMC. Forthcoming.

844. Tyson, P. (1982) A developmental line of gender identity, gender role, and choice of love object. JAPA, 30.

845. Tyson, P. & Tyson, R. L. Development. PMC. Forthcoming.

846. Tyson, P. & Tyson, R. L. The psychoanalitic theory of development. PMC. Forthcoming.

847. Tyson, P. & Tyson, R. L. (1984) Narcissism and superego development. JAPA, 34.

848. Tyson, R. & Sundler, J. (1971) Problems in the selection of patients for psychoanalysis. Brit. J. Med. Psychol., 44.

849. Valenstein, A. F. (1979) The concept of "classical" psycho-analysis. JAPA. 27. (suppl.).

850. Volkan, V. D. (1981) Linking Objects and Linking Phenomena. New York: Int. Univ. Press.

851. Waelder, R. (1930) The principle of multiple function. PQ, 5.

852. Waelder, R. (1962) Book review of Psychoanalysis, Scientific Method and Philosophy, ed. S. Hook. JAPA, 10.

853. Waelder, R. (1962) Psychoanalysis scientific method, and philosophy. JAPA, 10.

854. Waelder, R. (1963) Psychic determinism and the possibility of prediction. PQ, 32.

855. Waelder, R. (1967) Trauma and the variety of extraordinary challenges. In: Fuest (1967).

856. Waelder, R. (1967) Inhibitions, symptoms and anxiety: forty years later. PQ, 36.

857. Waldhorn, H. F. (1960) Assessment of analyzability. PQ, 29.

858. Waldhorn, H. F. & Fine, B. (1971) Trauma and symbolism. Kris Study Group monogr. New York: Int. Univ. Press.

859. Wallace, E. R. (1983) Freud and Anthropology. New York: Int. Univ. Press.

860. Wallerstein, R. Reality. PMC. Forthcoming.

861. Wallerstein, R. (1965) The goals of psychoanalysis. JAPA, 13.

862. Wallerstein, R. (1975) Psychotherapy and Psychoanalysis. New York: Int. Univ. Press.

863. Wallerstein, R. (1983) Defenses, defense mechanisms and the structure of the mind. JAPA, 31 (suppl.).

864. Wallerstein, R. (1988) One psychoanalysis or many? IJP, 69.

865. Wangh, M. (1979) Some psychoanalytic observations on boredom. IJP, 60.

866. Weinshel, E. M. (1968) Some psychoanalytic considerations on moods. IJP, 51.

867. Weinshel, E. M. (1971) The ego in health and normality. JAPA, 18.

868. Weisman, A. D. (1972) On Dying and Denying. New York: Behavioral Publications.

869. Weinstock, H. J. (1962) Successful treatment of ulcerative colitis by psychoanalysis. Brit. J. Psychoanal. Res., 6.

870. Welmore, R. J. (1963) The role of grief in psychoanalysis. IJP. 44.

871. Werner, H. & Kaplan, B. (1984) Symbol Formation. Hillsdale N. J.: Lawrence Eribaum.

872. White. R. W. (1963) Ego and Reality in Psychoanalytic Theory. Psychol. Issues, 3.

873. Whitman, R. M. (1963) Remembering and forgetting dreams in psychoanalysis. JAPA, 11.

874. Wiedeman, G. Sexuality. PMC. Forthcoming.

875. Wiedeman, G. (1962) Survey of psychoanalytic literature on overt male homosexuality. JAPA, 10.

876. Wieder, H. (1966) Intellectuality. PSOC, 21.

877. Wieder, H. (1978) The psychoanalytic treatment of preadolescents In Child Analysis and Therapy, ed. J. Glenn. New York Aronson.

878. Willick, M. S. Defense. PMC. Forthcoming.

879. Wilson, C. P. (1967) Stone as a symbol of teeth. PQ, 36.

880. Wilson, C. P Hohan, C. & Mintz, I. (1983) Fear of Being Fat. New York: Aronson.

881. Wilson, C. P. S Mintz, I. (1982) Abstaining and bulimic anorexics. Primary Care, 9.

882. Wilson, E. O. (1978) On Human Nature. Cambridge: Harvard Univ. Press.

883. Winnicott, C. (1978) D. W. W.: a reflection. In: Between Reality and Fantasy. New York: Jason Aronson.

884. Winnicott, D. W. (1953) Transitional object and transitional phenomena. In: Collected Papers. New York Basic Books, 1958.

885. Winnicott, D. W. (1956) Primary maternal preoccupation. In: Winnicott (1958).

886. Winnicott, D. W. (1958) Collected Papers. New York: Basic Books, Inc.

887. Winnicott, D. W. (1960) Ego distortions in terms of true and false self. In: The Maturational Processes and the Facilitating Environment. New York: Int. Univ. Press, 1965.

888. Winnicott, D. W. (1960) The theory of the parent-infant relationship. In: Winnicott (1965).

889. Winnicott, D. W. (1965) The Maturational Processes and the Facilitating Environment. New York: Int. Univ. Press.

890. Winnicott, D. W. (1971) Playing and Reality. New York: Basic Books.

891. Winnicott, D. W. (1971) Therapeutic Consultations in Child Psychiatry. New York: Basic Books.

892. Winnicott, D. W. (1977) The Piggle. New York: Int. Univ. Press.

893. Winson, J. (1985) Brain and Psyche. New York: Anchor Press.

894. Wolf, E. S. (1976) Ambience and abstinence. Annu. Psycho-anal., 4.

895. Wolf, E. S. (1980) On the developmental line of self-object relations. In: Advances in Self Psychology, ed. A. Goldberg. New York: Int. Univ. Press.

896. Wolf, E. S. (1983) Empathy and countertransference. In: The Future of Psychoanalysis, ed. A. Coldberg. New York: Int. Univ. Press.

897. Wolf, E. S. (1984) Disruptions in the psychoanalytic treatment of disorders of the self. In: Kohut's Legacy, ed. P. Stepansky & A. Coldberg, Hillsdale, H. J.: Analytic Press, 1984.

898. Wolf, E. S. (1984) Selfobject relations disorders. In: Character Pathology, ed. M. Zales. New York: Bruner/Mazel.

899. Wolf, E. S. & Trosman, H. (1974) Freud and Popper-Lynkeus. JAPA, 22.

900. Wolfenstein, M. (1966) How is mourning possible? PSOC, 21.

901. Wolman, B. B. ed. (1977) The International Encyclopedia of Psychiatry, Psychology, Psychoanalysis, and Neurology. New York: Aesculapius.

902. Wolpert, E. A. (1980) Major affective disorders. In: Comprehensive Textbook of Psychiatry, ed. H. I. Kaplan, A. M. Freedman & B. J. Saddock. Boston: Williams & Wilkins, vol. 2.

903. Wurmser, L. (1977) A defense of the use of metaphor in analytic theory formation. PQ, 46.

904. Wurmser, L. (1981) The Mask of Shame. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins Univ. Press.

905. Zetzel, E. R. (1956) Current concepts of transference. TJP, 37.

Словарь психоаналитических терминов и понятий > БИБЛИОГРАФИЯ
13 external

ik'stə:nl
adjective

(of, for, from, or on, the outside: Chemists often label skin creams `For external use only'.) externo

- externally

external adj externo / exterior

for external use only de uso externo

external

tr[ek'stɜːnəl]

adjective

1 externo,-a, exterior

■ for external use only de uso externo

■ external pressures presiones externas

plural noun externals

1 formal use aspecto m sing externo

\

SMALLIDIOMATIC EXPRESSION/SMALL

external ear oído externo

external examiner examinador,-ra de otra institución académica

external [ɪk'stərnəl, ɛk-] adj

: externo, exterior

♦ externally adv

external

adj.

• exterior adj.

• externo, -a adj.

n.

• aspecto exterior s.m.

ek'stɜːrnḷ, ɪk'stɜːnḷ
adjective

a) ( exterior) <appearance/sign> externo, exterior; < wall> exterior; < woundeatment> externo

for external use only — uso tópico, de uso externo

b) <aid/influence> del exterior; <pressure/evidence> externo

c) ( foreign) <affairsade/policy> exterior

[eks'tɜːnl]
1. ADJ

1) (=outer) [wall, surface] externo, exterior; [appearance, injury, gills, skeleton] externo

for external use only — (Med) de uso tópico or externo

2) (=outside) [world, influences, factor] externo

3) (=foreign) [affairs, relations] exterior

2.

N
externals las apariencias fpl
to judge by externals — juzgar por las apariencias

3.

CPD

external account N — cuenta f con el exterior

external audit N — auditoría f externa

external debt N — deuda f externa, deuda f exterior

external degree N — (Brit) (Univ) licenciatura f por libre

external examination N — examen m externo

external examiner N — examinador(a) m / f externo(-a)

external student N — (Brit) (Univ) alumno(-a) m / f externo(-a), alumno(-a) m / f libre

external trade N — comercio m exterior

* * *
[ek'stɜːrnḷ, ɪk'stɜːnḷ]
adjective

a) ( exterior) <appearance/sign> externo, exterior; < wall> exterior; <wound/treatment> externo

for external use only — uso tópico, de uso externo

b) <aid/influence> del exterior; <pressure/evidence> externo

c) ( foreign) <affairs/trade/policy> exterior

English-spanish dictionary > external
14 influence

I ['ɪnflʊəns] n
влияние, воздействие, действие

He used his influence with the committee. — Он использовал свое влияние в комитете.

It never had a really wide influence. — Это никогда не имело действительно большого влияния. /Это не пользовалось действительно большим влиянием.

He had a great influence upon his students. — Он оказал большое влияние на своих студентов.

- good influence
- cultural influence
- telling influence
- sobering influence
- lasting influences over human life
- person of influence
- question of influence
- people of influence in the world of art
- influence of the family
- influence on smb's opinion
- influence of the mind on the body
- under smb's influence
- under the influence of smb, of smth
- under climatic influence
- owing to outside influence
- due to outside influence
- owing to protective influence of vaccination against small-pox
- under the influence of modern life
- under the influence of drugs
- have a great influence on smb, smth
- have a direct influence
- undergo a European influence
- exclude bad influence
- hold smb under a hypnotic influence
- have a considerable influence on the 19th century thought
- have little influence on Western civilisation
- use undue influence
- feelike influence of music
- take decision under the immediate influence of fear
- come under the influence of his friends
- have influence with the people
- be an influence for the peace
- use one's influence
- undergo smb's influence
- escape smb's influence
- shake off smb's influence
- do everything within one's influence
- give smb his influence
- use your influence with him
- question of family influence
- his influence in his native town
USAGE:

Существительное influence употребляется для обозначения влияния, которое оказывают люди на поведение других людей, события, обстоятельства и используется с предлогами on, with, over: he has a strange influence over her он имеет над ней странную власть; teachers have a great influence on young people преподаватели оказывают сильное влияние на молодых людей; he used all his influence with the committee to get their approval of the plan он использовал в комитете все свое влияние, чтобы добиться у них одобрения этого плана. Влияние, которое оказывают неживые предметы (обстоятельства, события, свойства), обозначается существительным effect: to have an effect on smth, smb оказывать влияние на кого-либо, что-либо; the medicine had no effect on him лекарство на него не подействовало; the towers have a great effect on the sound of the bells башни оказывают большое влияние на качество акустики колоколов; heat had no effect on the spacecraft жара не оказывает никакого влияния на космический корабль
II ['ɪnflʊəns] v
влиять, воздействовать, оказывать влияние

He is easily influenced. — Он легко поддается влиянию.

What influenced your decision? — Что повлияло на твое решение?

The high mountains influence the climate. — Высокие горы влияют на климат

- influence smb, smth
- influence smb's choice
- influence deeply

English-Russian combinatory dictionary > influence
15 outward

ˈautwəd
1. прил.
1) а) внешний, наружный;
поверхностный прям. и перен. He is an odd mixture of outward confidence and inner doubt. ≈ Он представляет собой странную смесь внешней убежденности и внутреннего сомнения. The outward appearance of the building has not changed at all in 200 years. ≈ Внешний вид здания совершенно не изменился за 200 лет. outward form ≈ внешность outward things ≈ окружающий мир to outward seeming ≈ судя по внешности Syn: superficial, shallow б) перен. материальный, физический, внешний ( в противоп. духовному, внутреннему)
2) направленный наружу, от центра, от исходной точки The outward flight took eight hours, but return journey took only six hours. ≈ Полет туда занял восемь часов, а путь обратно только шесть.
3) очевидный, заметный;
явный If he is suffering he certainly shows no outward sign of it. ≈ Если он и страдает, то он не показывает никаких заметных признаков этого. Syn: obvious, ostensible
4) показной, нарочитый outward behaviour ≈ показное поведение To all outward appearances everything was fine, but under the surface the marriage was very shaky. ≈ По всем внешним признакам все было прекрасно, но в глубине брак был очень непрочным. Syn: ostentatious ∙ outward man
2. сущ.
1) внешний вид, внешность;
наружность;
внешняя, наружная сторона outside, exterior
2) внешний мир, внешнее окружение
3. нареч.
1) наружу;
в сторону;
за пределы;
вовне The door opens outward. ≈ Дверь открывается наружу. outward bound ≈ готовый к выходу в море;
отправляющийся за границу( о судне) to direct one's emotions outward ≈ выплеснуть эмоции наружу Syn: outwards
2) очевидно, явно, заметно Syn: visibly, apparently внешний вид;
внешность экстерьер внешний, материальный, объективный мир внешний, наружный - * form внешность - * sign внешний признак - * things окружающий мир - * conditions внешние условия - * influences воздействие среды - for * application для наружного применеия (о лекарстве) направленный наружу - * flow of money утечка денег за границу - an * motion побуждение - an * glance взгляд изнутри - the * and the homeward voyages поездки за границу и возвращение домой - * half of ticket билет( только) в одну сторону видимый, зримый;
показной напоказ - a feverish * display of energy лихорадочная деятельность напоказ - * behaviour показное поведение посторонний, несвойственный (диалектизм) рассеянный, беспорядочный( о человеке) > the * men тело, бренная плоть (тж. (американизм) one's Adam) ;
одежда > to * seeming судя по внешности;
по виду, по всей видимости наружу;
в сторону;
за пределы - he turned the coat with the lining * он вывернул пальто наизнанку снаружи из порта, от станции - the ship is bound * корабль отплывает customs inward and ~ таможенная очистка при въезде и выезде customs office ~ таможня в пункте отправления outward = outwards ~ видимый ~ внешний, наружный;
поверхностный;
outward form внешность ~ внешний ~ внешний вид, внешность ~ внешний вид ~ внешний мир ~ направленный наружу ~ наружный ~ посторонний ~ внешний, наружный;
поверхностный;
outward form внешность the ~ man шутл. одежда the ~ man тело ~ things окружающий мир;
to outward seeming судя по внешности ~ things окружающий мир;
to outward seeming судя по внешности outward = outwards outwards: outwards наружу, за пределы

Большой англо-русский и русско-английский словарь > outward
16 ouvrir

ouvrir [uvʀiʀ]

➭ TABLE 18

1. transitive verb

   a. to open ; [+ verrou, porte fermée à clé] to unlock ; [+ veste] to undo ; [+ horizons, perspectives] to open up ; [+ procession] to lead ; [+ eau, électricité, gaz, radio, télévision] to turn on

• ouvrir la porte toute grande to open the door wide

• il a ouvert brusquement la porte he flung the door open

• ouvrir sa maison à qn to throw one's house open to sb

• ils ont ouvert le manoir au public they have opened the house to the public

• ouvrir le jeu to open up the game

• ouvrir le score to open the score

• ouvrir la voie to lead the way

• ouvrir le feu to open fire

• ouvrir la marque to open the scoring

• il a ouvert à pique he opened with spades

• l'ouvrir (inf!) to open one's mouth

• ouvrir sa gueule (vulg!) to open one's mouth

• ouvrir l'œil (figurative) to keep one's eyes open

• ce voyage en Asie m'a ouvert les yeux my trip to Asia was a real eye-opener

• ouvrir les oreilles to pin back one's ears (inf)

• elle m'a ouvert son cœur she opened her heart to me

• ça m'a ouvert l'appétit that whetted my appetite

• ce séjour à l'étranger lui a ouvert l'esprit that time he spent abroad has widened his horizons

2. intransitive verb

to open

• on a frappé, va ouvrir ! there's someone at the door, go and open it!

• le boulanger ouvre de 7 heures à 19 heures the baker is open from 7 am till 7 pm

3. reflexive verb

► s'ouvrir

   a. to open ; [récit, séance] to open ( par with)

• la porte s'ouvrit violemment the door flew open

   b. ( = se blesser) to cut open

• elle s'est ouvert les veines she slashed her wrists

   c. ( = devenir accessible) s'ouvrir à [+ amour, art, problèmes économiques] to open one's mind to

• pays qui s'ouvre sur le monde extérieur country which is opening up to the outside world

   d. ( = se confier) s'ouvrir à qn de qch to open up to sb about sth

• il s'en est ouvert à un ami he opened up to a friend about it

* * *
uvʀiʀ
1.

verbe transitif

1) gén to open [boîte, porte, bouteille, tiroir, huître, lettre]; to draw back [verrou]; to undo [col, chemise]

ne pas ouvrir la bouche or le bec — (colloq) ( ne rien dire) not to say a word

ouvrir ses oreilles — to keep one's ears open

ouvrir les bras — to open one's arms

ouvrir les bras à quelqu'un — ( accueillir) to welcome somebody with open arms

ouvrir sa maison à quelqu'un — to throw one's house open to somebody

2) ( commencer) to open [débat, spectacle, cérémonie, chantier]; to intitiate [période, dialogue, processus]

3) ( mettre en marche) to turn on [radio, chauffage]

4) ( créer) to open [compte, magasin, école]; to open up [possibilité, marché, passage]; to initiate [cours]

ouvrir une route — to build a road

ouvrir la route or voie à quelque chose — to pave the way for something

5) ( élargir) to open [capital, rangs] (à to); to open up [compétition, marché] (à to)

ouvrir l'esprit à quelqu'un — to open somebody's mind

6) ( entailler) to open [abcès]; to cut open [joue]

ouvrir le ventre (colloq) à quelqu'un — ( opérer) to cut somebody open (colloq)

2.

verbe intransitif

1) ( ouvrir la porte) to open the door (à to)

va ouvrir — go and open the door

ouvrez! — ( injonction) open up!

ouvre-moi! — let me in!

se faire ouvrir — to be let in

2) ( fonctionner) [magasin, service] to open

ouvrir le dimanche — to open on Sundays

3) ( être créé) [magasin, service] to be opened

4) ( déboucher) [chambre, tunnel] to open ( sur onto)

5) Finance

la Bourse a ouvert en baisse — the exchange opened down

6) (aux cartes, échecs) to open

3.

s'ouvrir verbe pronominal

1) gén to open; ( sous un souffle) [fenêtre] to blow open; ( sous un choc) [porte, boîte, sac] to fly open; ( inopinément) [vêtement] to come undone

2) ( commencer) [négociation, spectacle, chantier] to open (sur, avec with); [période, dialogue, processus] to be initiated (sur, avec with)

3) ( s'élargir) [pays, économie, capital, institution] to open up (à, vers to)

4) ( se confier) to open one's heart (à to)

5) ( être ouvrant) [fenêtre, toit] to open

ma jupe s'ouvre sur le côté — my skirt opens at the side

6) ( être créé) [magasin, métro, possibilité] to open

un garage va s'ouvrir ici — there's going to be a garage here

7) ( créer pour soi) [personne] to open up [passage]

8) ( se dérouler) [chemin, voie, espace] to open up

9) ( s'épanouir) [fleur] to open

10) ( se fendre) [sol, cicatrice] to open up

11) ( se blesser) [personne] to cut open [crâne, pied]

s'ouvrir les veines or poignets — ( pour se suicider) to slash one's wrists

* * *
uvʀiʀ
1. vt

1) [fenêtre, porte, yeux] to open

Elle a ouvert la porte. — She opened the door.

ouvrir les bras — to open one's arms

2) [bouteille, paquet, livre] to open

3) fig, [intellect, esprit] to broaden

ouvrir l'esprit à qn — to broaden sb's mind

ouvrir son cœur à qn — to open one's heart to sb

4) [rideaux] to open

5) [veste, manteau] to undo

6) [brèche, passage, voie] to open up

ouvrir des horizons — to open up new horizons

7) [eau, électricité, chauffage] to turn on

8) [magasin] to open, to open up

9) [abcès] to open up, to cut open

10) (par blessure)

ouvrir le front à qn — to cut sb's head open

le choc lui a ouvert le front — he cut his head open in the crash

11) (= initier) [débat, dialogue, négociation] to open, to open up

ouvrir une enquête DROIT — to open an inquiry

ouvrir une procédure DROIT — to initiate proceedings, to start proceedings

ouvrir une session INFORMATIQUE — to log in, to log on

ouvrir l'appétit à qn — to whet sb's appetite

ouvrir la marche — to be at the head of the march

2. vi

1) (pour accueillir quelqu'un) to answer the door

Va ouvrir, on a sonné. — Go and answer the door, the doorbell rang.

Ouvrez! — Open up!

2) [porte, fenêtre, couvercle] to open

Cette porte ouvre mal. — This door doesn't open properly.

3) (= magasin) to open

Ils ouvrent à 9h. — They open at 9 am.

4)

ouvrir sur [pièce, terrasse] — to open onto, [livre, film] to open with

5) CARTES

ouvrir à trèfle — to open in clubs

* * *

ouvrir verb table: couvrir

A vtr

1 gén to open [boîte, porte, bouteille, tiroir, huître, parachute, lettre]; to draw back [verrou]; to undo [col, chemise, fermeture à glissière]; ouvrir la bouche to open one's mouth; ne pas ouvrir la bouche ( ne rien dire) not to say a word; ouvrir le bec○ or sa gueule◑, l'ouvrir◑ to open one's trap○ ou gob◑ GB; il faut toujours qu'il l'ouvre◑ au mauvais moment he always opens his trap○ ou big mouth○ at the wrong time; ouvrir ses oreilles to keep one's ears open; ouvrir les bras to open one's arms; ouvrir les bras à qn ( accueillir) to welcome sb with open arms; ouvrir sa maison à qn ( accueillir) to throw one's house open to sb; (se) faire ouvrir une porte to get a door open; ⇒ grand C;

2 ( commencer) to open [débat, négociation, spectacle, cérémonie, marque, chantier]; to intitiate [période, dialogue, processus, campagne]; ouvrir la marque à la cinquième minute to open the scoring in the fifth minute;

3 ( mettre en marche) to turn on [radio, chauffage, gaz, lumière];

4 ( créer) to open [compte, magasin, école, souscription, poste]; to open up [possibilité, perspective, marché, passage]; to initiate [cours]; ouvrir une ligne de crédit to open a line of credit; ouvrir un nouveau cours de gestion to initiate a new management course; ouvrir la route to open up the road; ouvrir une route to build a road; ouvrir la route or voie à qch to pave the way for sth;

5 ( élargir) to open [capital, actionnariat, jeu politique, rangs] (à to); to open up [compétition, marché] (à to); ouvrir le ciel européen aux compagnies américaines to open up the European skies to American carriers; ouvrir ses rangs aux femmes to welcome women into one's ranks; ouvrir l'esprit à qn to open sb's mind;

6 ( entailler) to open [abcès]; to cut open [joue]; ouvrir le ventre à qn○ ( opérer) to cut sb open○.

B vi

1 ( ouvrir la porte) to open the door (à to); va ouvrir go and open the door; n'ouvre à personne don't open the door to anyone; ouvrez! ( injonction) open up!; ouvre-moi! let me in!; se faire ouvrir to be let in;

2 ( fonctionner) [magasin, service] to open; ouvrir le dimanche to open on Sundays;

3 ( être créé) [magasin, service] to be opened; une succursale ouvrira bientôt a branch will soon be opened;

4 ( déboucher) [chambre, tunnel] to open (sur onto); ouvrir sur le jardin to open on to the garden GB ou yard US;

5 Fin la Bourse a ouvert en baisse/hausse the exchange opened down/up;

6 (aux cartes, échecs) to open.

C s'ouvrir vpr

1 gén [boîte, porte, fenêtre, tiroir, huître, parachute] to open; ( sous un souffle) [fenêtre] to blow open; ( sous un choc) [porte, boîte, sac] to fly open; ( inopinément) [vêtement] to come undone;

2 ( commencer) [négociation, spectacle, chantier] to open (sur, avec with); [période, dialogue, processus] to be initiated (sur, avec with); le film s'ouvre sur un paysage the film opens with a landscape; le festival s'ouvrira sur un discours the festival will open with a speech;

3 ( s'élargir) [pays, économie, capital, institution] to open up (à, vers to); s'ouvrir à l'Est/aux nouvelles technologies to open up to the East/to new technologies;

4 ( se confier) to open one's heart (à to); ouvrez-vous en à elle open your heart to her about it;

5 ( être ouvrant) [fenêtre, toit] to open; ma valise/jupe s'ouvre sur le côté my suitcase/skirt opens at the side;

6 ○( être mis en marche) comment est- ce que le chauffage s'ouvre? how do you turn on the heating?; où est-ce que la lumière s'ouvre? where do you turn on the light?;

7 ( être créé) [magasin, métro, possibilité] to open; un garage va s'ouvrir ici there's going to be a garage here;

8 ( créer pour soi) [personne] to open up [passage];

9 ( se dérouler) [chemin, voie, espace] to open up; une nouvelle voie s'ouvre devant nous a new path is opening up before us;

10 ( s'épanouir) [fleur] to open;

11 ( se fendre) [sol, cicatrice] to open up; [mer] to part; la mer s'ouvrit devant eux the sea parted in front of them;

12 ( se blesser) [personne] to cut open [crâne, pied]; il a réussi à s'ouvrir le crâne he managed to cut his head open; s'ouvrir les veines or poignets ( pour se suicider) to slash one's wrists.

[uvrir] verbe transitif

1. [portail, tiroir, capot de voiture, fenêtre] to open

[porte fermée à clé] to unlock, to open

[porte verrouillée] to unbolt, to open

il ouvrit la porte d'un coup d'épaule he shouldered the door open, he forced the door (open) with his shoulder

ouvrir une porte par effraction to force a door

(en usage absolu)

je suis allé ouvrir chez les Loriot avant qu'ils rentrent de voyage I went and opened up the Loriots' house before they came back from their trip

va ouvrir go and answer the door

on a sonné, je vais ouvrir there's someone at the door, I'll go

c'est moi, ouvre it's me, open the door ou let me in

2. [bouteille, pot, porte-monnaie] to open

[coquillage] to open (up) (separable)

[paquet] to open, to unwrap

[enveloppe] to open, to unseal

3. [déplier - éventail] to open ; [ - carte routière] to open (up) (separable), to unfold ; [ - livre] to open (up) (separable)

4. [desserrer, écarter - compas, paupières] to open ; [ - rideau] to open, to draw back (separable) ; [ - aile, bras] to open (out) (separable), to spread (out) (separable) ; [ - mains] to open (out) (separable)

[déboutonner - veste] to undo, to unfasten

ouvrir les yeux to open one's eyes

le matin, j'ai du mal à ouvrir les yeux [à me réveiller] I find it difficult to wake up in the morning

(en usage absolu)

ouvrir l'œil

a. (sens propre) to open one's eye

b. (figuré) to keep one's eyes open

cette rencontre avec lui m'a ouvert les yeux meeting him was a real eye-opener for me

ouvrir de grands yeux [être surpris] to be wide-eyed

ouvrez grands vos yeux [soyez attentifs] keep your eyes peeled

ouvrir l'esprit à quelqu'un to broaden somebody's outlook

tu ferais mieux de ne pas l'ouvrir! you'd better keep your mouth ou trap (très familier) shut!

5. [commencer - hostilités] to open, to begin ; [ - campagne, récit, enquête] to open, to start ; [ - bal, festival, conférence, saison de chasse] to open

la scène qui ouvre la pièce the opening scene of the play

6. [rendre accessible - chemin, voie] to open (up), to clear ; [ - frontière, filière] to open

ils refusent d'ouvrir leur marché aux produits européens they refuse to open up their market to European products

pourquoi ne pas ouvrir cette formation à de jeunes chômeurs? why not make this form of training available to young unemployed people?

le diplôme vous ouvre de nombreuses possibilités the diploma opens up a whole range of possibilities for you

7. [créer - boutique, cinéma, infrastructure] to open ; [ - entreprise] to open, to set up (separable)

8. [faire fonctionner - radiateur, robinet] to turn on (separable) ; [ - circuit électrique] to open

ouvre la télé (familier) turn ou switch the TV on

ouvrir l'eau/l'électricité/le gaz (familier) to turn on the water/the electricity/the gas

9. [être en tête de - défilé, procession] to lead

c'est son nom qui ouvre la liste her name is (the) first on the list

10. [inciser - corps] to open (up), to cut open ; [ - panaris] to lance, to cut open

11. SPORT

ouvrir le jeu to open play

essayez d'ouvrir un peu plus la partie try to play a more open game

ouvrir la marque ou le score

a. [généralement] to open the scoring

b. FOOTBALL to score the first goal

12. BANQUE [compte bancaire, portefeuille d'actions] to open

[emprunt] to issue, to float

ouvrir un crédit à quelqu'un to give somebody credit facilities

ouvrir un droit à quelqu'un [dans les assurances] to entitle somebody to a claim

13. JEUX to open

(en usage absolu)

ouvrir à cœur

a. CARTES to open (the bidding) in hearts

b. [commencer le jeu] to open ou to lead with a heart

————————

[uvrir] verbe intransitif

1. [boutique, restaurant, spectacle] to (be) open

la chasse au faisan/la conférence ouvrira en septembre the pheasant season/the conference will open in September

2. [couvercle, fenêtre, porte] to open

le portail ouvre mal the gate is difficult to open ou doesn't open properly

————————

ouvrir sur verbe plus préposition

1. [déboucher sur] to open onto

le vasistas ouvre sur le parking the fanlight opens onto ou looks out over the car park

2. [commencer par] to open with

3. SPORT

ouvrir sur quelqu'un to pass (the ball) to somebody

ouvrir sur l'aile gauche to release the ball on the blind side/to the left wing

————————

s'ouvrir verbe pronominal (emploi passif)

1. [boîte, valise] to open

[chemisier, fermeture] to come undone

ça s'ouvre en dévissant the top unscrews

la fenêtre de ma chambre s'ouvre mal the window in my room is difficult to open ou doesn't open properly

2. [être inauguré] to open

————————

s'ouvrir verbe pronominal transitif

[se couper - personne]

je me suis ouvert le pied sur un bout de verre I've cut my foot (open) on a piece of glass

s'ouvrir les veines to slash ou to cut one's wrists

————————

s'ouvrir verbe pronominal intransitif

1. [se desserrer, se déplier - bras, fleur, huître, main] to open ; [ - aile] to open (out), to spread, to unfold ; [ - bouche, œil, paupière, livre, rideau] to open

2. [se fendre - foule, flots] to part ; [ - sol] to open up ; [ - melon] to open, to split (open)

la cicatrice s'est ouverte the scar has opened up

3. [boîte, valise - accidentellement] to (come) open

4. [fenêtre, portail] to open

la fenêtre s'ouvrit brusquement the window flew ou was flung ou was thrown open

la porte s'ouvre sur la pièce/dans le couloir the door opens into the room/out into the corridor

5. [s'épancher] to open up

s'ouvrir à quelqu'un de quelque chose to open one's heart to somebody about something, to confide in somebody about something

s'ouvrir de quelque chose to open up about something

6. [débuter - bal, conférence]

s'ouvrir par to open ou to start with

7. [se présenter - carrière] to open up

————————

s'ouvrir à verbe pronominal plus préposition

[des idées, des influences]

s'ouvrir à des cultures nouvelles to become aware of new cultures

s'ouvrir à la poésie to become sensitive to poetry

leur pays s'ouvre peu à peu au commerce extérieur their country is gradually opening up to foreign trade

Dictionnaire Français-Anglais > ouvrir
17 불가입성의

adj. impenetrable, incapable of being penetrated or entered; unsusceptible to outside ideas or influences; unfathomable, inscrutable

Korean-English dictionary > 불가입성의
18 impenetrabel

adj. impenetrable, incapable of being penetrated or entered; unsusceptible to outside ideas or influences; unfathomable, inscrutable

Holandés-inglés dicionario > impenetrabel
19 impenetrabiliteit

n. impenetrability, incapability of being penetrated or entered; insusceptibility to outside ideas or influences; unfathomability, inscrutability

Holandés-inglés dicionario > impenetrabiliteit
20 hulp/invloeden van buiten

hulp/invloeden van buiten

outside help/influences

Van Dale Handwoordenboek Nederlands-Engels > hulp/invloeden van buiten

Страницы

См. также в других словарях:

outside — out|side1 W1S1 [autˈsaıd] adv, prep 1.) a) not inside a building = ↑outdoors ≠ ↑inside ▪ When we got up, it was still dark outside. ▪ Go and play outside. see usage note ↑out1 b) … Dictionary of contemporary English
outside — n. /owt suyd , suyd /; adj. /owt suyd , owt /; adv. /owt suyd /; prep. /owt suyd , owt suyd /, n. 1. the outer side, surface, or part; exterior: The outside of the house needs painting. 2. the external aspect or appearance. 3. the space without… … Universalium
outside — out•side n. [[t]ˈaʊtˈsaɪd, ˌsaɪd[/t]] adj. [[t]ˌaʊtˈsaɪd, ˈaʊt [/t]] adv. [[t]ˌaʊtˈsaɪd[/t]] prep. [[t]ˌaʊtˈsaɪd, ˈaʊtˌsaɪd[/t]] n. 1) the outer side, surface, or part; exterior 2) the external aspect or appearance 3) the space beyond an… … From formal English to slang
outside — noun /ˈaʊtsaɪd / (say owtsuyd) 1. the outer side, surface, or part; the exterior. 2. the external aspect or appearance. 3. something merely external. 4. the space without or beyond an enclosure, boundary, etc. 5. seaward, beyond the point where… …
Influences on the Spanish language — The Spanish language has a long history of borrowing words, expressions and subtler features of other languages it has come in contact with.Spanish developed from Vulgar Latin, with influence from Celtiberian, Basque and Arabic, and Visigothic in … Wikipedia
Outside plant — Serving Area Interface In telecommunication, the term outside plant has the following meanings: In civilian telecommunications, outside plant refers to all of the physical cabling and supporting infrastructure (such as conduit, cabinets, tower or … Wikipedia
Influences and interpretations of The Matrix — Quote box width=20% align=right quote=The Matrix is arguably the ultimate cyberpunk artifact. source=William Gibson, 2003 01 28 [ [http://www.williamgibsonbooks.com/archive/2003 01 28 archive.asp#90244012 THE MATRIX: FAIR COP ] , The William… … Wikipedia
1. Outside — Pour les articles homonymes, voir Outside (homonymie). 1. Outside Album par David Bowie Sortie 26 septembre 1995 Enregistrement M … Wikipédia en Français
Olmec influences on Mesoamerican cultures — The major centers of the Olmec heartland (in yellow) as well as artifact finds unassociated with habitations (smaller circles, in red). The causes and degree of Olmec influences on Mesoamerican cultures has been a subject of debate over many… … Wikipedia
Manga outside Japan — Part of a series on Anime and Manga … Wikipedia
Babylon 5 influences — Science fiction television series Babylon 5 draws upon many cultural myths and historical influences to inform and illustrate its characters and storylines. Cultural influences Babylon The most prominent influence is presented by the title itself … Wikipedia

Словари и энциклопедии на Академике

Перевод: со всех языков на все языки

outside influences

См. также в других словарях:

Поделиться ссылкой на выделенное

Словари и энциклопедии на Академике

Перевод: со всех языков на все языки

outside influences

См. также в других словарях:

Поделиться ссылкой на выделенное

Прямая ссылка: